1. Language paper 2: Section B Writing
P2, Sec A provides students with two sources on a given topic or theme. Having read and responded to how different writers have presented view-points, students have an opportunity to set out their own personal view-point in Sec B. 
The writing task is linked to the topic or theme of the reading sources. In this sense, the following aspects of the writing task will remain consistent: 
A statement at the start of the question setting out a clear audience, purpose and form 
An enabling, provocative/controversial statement that prompts students to write a response offering their own attitude/viewpoint. 
“Homework has no value. Some students get it done for them; some don’t do it at all. Students should be relaxing in their free time.” 
Write an article for a broadsheet newspaper in which you explain your point of view on this statement. 

2. Writing to instruct/advise
Purposes
Showing ability to write for purpose and audience and, within the provided form. 
Using language for impact:
Allowing (where relevant) opportunities to: 
Give and respond to information 
Select, organise and emphasise facts, ideas and key points 
Cite evidence and quotation 
Include rhetorical devices. 
Writing to explain
Writing to instruct/advise
Writing to argue 
Writing to persuade 
Explain what you think about… 
Argue the case for or against the statement that… 
Persuade the writer of the statement that... 
Advise the reader of the best way to… 

3. Audiences & Forms The audiences will be formal in nature
Leaflet
Could include:
A clear/apt/original title 
Organisational devices such as inventive subheadings or boxes 
Bullet points 
Effectively/fluently sequenced paragraphs
The audiences will be formal in nature
The range of forms that can be set: 
Letter
Could include:
The use of addresses
A date
A formal mode of address if required (Dear Sir/Madam or a named recipient)
Effectively/fluently sequenced paragraphs
An appropriate mode of signing off (Yours sincerely/faithfully).
Speech
Could include:
A clear address to an audience 
Effective/fluently linked sections to indicate sequence 
Rhetorical indicators that an audience is being addressed throughout 
A clear sign off e.g. ‘Thank you for listening’
Article
Could include:
A clear/apt/original title
A strapline
Subheadings
An introductory (overview) paragraph
Effectively/fluently sequenced paragraphs
Essay
Could include:
An effective introduction and convincing conclusion 
Effectively/fluently linked paragraphs to sequence a range of ideas

4. English Language Paper 2
Writers’ Viewpoints
& Perspectives

5. Purpose To Persuade To Argue To Inform
Presenting reasons and examples to influence action or thought.
Effective persuasive writing requires a writer to state clearly an opinion and to supply reasons & specific examples that support the opinion.
Presenting evidence to support a particular point of view / stance.
Effective arguments require a writer to provide a counter-argument to show they understand both sides and to supply reasons & specific examples of why their stance is more credible.
Presenting information that enables an audience to make unbiased decisions.
Effective information texts require writers to be as objective as possible and present the facts as clearly as possible

6. Rhetoric
The ‘art of discourse:’ the art of effective writing or speaker for a particular effect, normally to persuade.
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
The personality & stance of the writer/speaker.
In terms of writing, personality generally means the tone of a piece – is it amusing / challenging / sad? What vocabulary and structure are used?
Stance relates to the attitudes and viewpoints of the writer – what are they proposing?
The emotional engagement a piece of writing has with its audience.
Usually achieved through language & imagery to create an emotional connection with the audience.
The rational & reasoned argument proposed in writing
Should therefore be coherent, logical and ordered.

7. Rhetorical Questions & Repetition
All Figures of Speech
Simile/Metaphor/Puns/ Personification. A
Opinions
Personal thoughts O
Rhetorical Questions & Repetition
Anaphora/Epistrope R
Facts & Figures
Using numbers & data to support your ideas F
Sounds & Senses
Alliteration/Assonance/Consonance/Sibilance
Onomatopoeia/Rhyme
Visual/Aural/Olfactory/
Gustatory/Tactile S
Emotive language
Words used to trigger certain emotions. E
Threes
Using three words (adjectives) together T

8. JFK’S INAGURAL ADDRESS
Group 1: examples of ethos
Group 2: examples of pathos
Group 3: examples of logos
Group 4: usage of language techniques
Group 5: usage of syntax (types & lengths of sentences)

9. We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge -- and more.

10. Pathos: Personal pronouns to create unity.
We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge -- and more.
Ethos: his proposal.
Alliteration
Opinion
Caesura: dramatic pause
Emotive Language
Alliteration: increases pace and creates flow; lyrical
Logos: giving evidence
in a list
Use to guide students in their annotations.
Repetition of ‘let’ – reflects his power to allow actionc
Sibilance
Short declarative sentence

11. JFK’S Inaugural Address
In groups, analyse your part of JFK’s speech, focusing on the following:
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
Language techniques
Syntax
Comment on the effect and purpose of the technique and how it is successful in engaging the audience.

12. What methods does he use?
CONSOLIDATION
How successful is Kennedy’s inaugural address in engaging its audience and how is this success achieved? Write two PEELAs in response to this question. You should focus on the opening section which we analysed as a class and the section which you annotated in your group. Remember to analyse the language and techniques as well as explaining how ethos, pathos and logos are used.
What methods does he use?
To what extent?
Make a judgement.