1. Endosymbiosis and the “Tree of Life”

2. The Tree of Life Eukarya Archaea Bacteria Animals Fungi Plants
Other single cell
eukaryotes
Proteobacteria
Other bacteria
Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota

3. Endosymbiotic Theory
Evidence suggests that eukaryotes obtained their mitochondria and chloroplasts by engulfing bacterial cells.
Eventually, the engulfed bacterium gave up its ability to live on its own after some of its genes were transferred to the nucleus of the host cell.
Lynn Margulis

6. The Revised Tree of Life
Three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Because lateral gene transfer is thought to have been common among the earth’s earliest organisms, the revised tree of life has some “untreelike” cross-links between branches.

7. EUKARYA BACTERIA ARCHAEA Animals Fungi Plants Cyanobacteria
Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Other
bacteria
Proteobacteria
Algae
Bacteria that gave
rise to chloroplasts
Other
single-cell
eukaryotes
Hyper-
thermophillic
bacteria
Bacteria that gave
rise to mitochondria