1. Progressive Era and US Expansion
Unit 6
US History
Mrs. McClary
Progressive Era and US Expansion

2. Progressive reforms

3. Periods of reform usually follow a time of rapid change.
True
False

4. Progressive Reformers Early 1900s
Progressive Movement: aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American Life
Had four main goals:
Protecting social welfare
Promoting moral improvement
Creating economic reform
Fostering efficiency

5. Social Reforms
Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through service to the poor
Many focused on the poor in urban communities
Settlement Houses: community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area
Most settlement houses were in immigrant communities

6. Social Reforms
Settlement houses mostly ran by middle-class, college education, white women
Taught English, provided healthcare, and promoted education
Jane Addams founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889
Addams would win the Nobel Peace Prize for her work with the poor

7. Jane Addams and the Hull House

8. John D. Rockefeller owned and operated the Standard Oil Company.
True
False

9. Industrial Reform
Muckrakers: investigative reporters who uncovered corruption in the early 20th century
Ida Tarbell wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company” which showed how Rockefeller had created a monopoly by his ruthless tactics
Gained support for the movement to reform government and business

10. Industrial Reform
Upton Sinclair wrote the novel, “The Jungle” which focused on the living and working conditions of immigrants in Chicago’s meat packing industry
The novel describes the horrible conditions of the meatpacking industry
President Theodore Roosevelt read the book and invited Sinclair to the White House to discuss ways to correct the problems

11. The Jungle

12. In 1906, Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. Both laws were in response to industry practices exposed by…
muckrakers
Political machines
Corrupt politicians
Company presidents
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13. Industrial Reform Progressive Reformers pushed to limit child labor.
Supreme Court ruled on cases that limited the work day for men and women and provided benefits for workers and their families if they were hurt or killed on the job.

14. Child Labor

15. Political Reforms
Initiative: a bill originated by the people rather than by lawmakers
Referendum: allowed the people to vote on the initiative instead of the legislature
Recall: enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term

16. Political Reforms
Direct Election of Senators: prior to 1913, the state legislatures chose Senators
This put more power in the hands of party bosses and wealthy corporations
17th Amendment made the direct election of Senators the law
Now the people of the state choose their Senators

17. The 17th Amendment calls for the election of US Senators by…
The people
State legislators
Only other senators
Registered Progressives
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18. Discrimination in an era of reform

19. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
Homer Plessy had taken a seat on a “whites only” train car and refused to move. He was arrested, tried, and convicted of breaking Louisiana’s segregation law.
Supreme Court decided that segregation was legal as long as accommodations were “separate but equal”
This decision drastically increased the number of segregation laws in the South

20. Plessy v. Ferguson made it illegal for states to enforce segregation laws.
True
False

21. Segregation and Discrimination
Jim Crow Laws: named after a racist song, these laws forced discrimination and segregation on African Americans
Poll taxes and the grandfather clause kept African Americans from voting
Segregation was put into effect in schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems throughout the South

22. The “Grandfather Clause” stated that African Americans could not vote if their grandfather had been a slave.
True
False

23. Jim Crow Laws

24. NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was formed in 1909
It’s goal was nothing less than full equality among the races
The Progressive Movement did little to help African Americans because it focused mainly on middle-class whites

25. US Expansionism

26. Expanding the US: Early 1900s
Many Americans wanted to create an empire that included many different countries around the world
Three factors fueled this belief:
Desire for military strength
Thirst for new markets
Belief in cultural superiority

27. Late 19th century and early 20th century American imperialism can be explained as…
Desire to profit from involvement in other countries
Working to maintain balance of power in the Western Hemisphere
Little interest in expanding American influence
Lack of concern for expanding American military power
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28. American Imperialism in Hawaii
Imperialism: practice by which a foreign power extends political and economic influence or control over another country.
US troops helped white plantation owners overthrow the native Queen of Hawaii.
Hawaii was annexed in 1898 and became a state in 1959.

29. Spanish-American War 1898
Tensions had risen between Spain and the US over Cuba. US wanted to purchase Cuba but Spain declined the offer.
President McKinley sent the USS Maine to Cuba to bring home US citizens he felt were in danger
The USS Maine blew up in the harbor of Havana killing more than 260 Americans.
American newspapers blamed the explosion on the Spaniards

30. Spanish-American War 1898
April 20th 1898 Congress declared war on Spain
Most thought the first battle would take place in Cuba but it took place in another Spanish colony, the Philippines.
Fighting also occurred in Cuba and Puerto Rico
The war would only last for 15 weeks

31. Which event sparked the Spanish-American War?
The sinking of the USS Maine
Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Building the Panama Canal
Platt Amendment
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32. Spanish-American War 1898 The Treaty of Paris 1898 would end the war.
The US would get the islands of Guam and Puerto Rico from the Spanish. They would also purchase the Philippines for $20 million.
The treaty also forced Spain to give Cuba its independence
Many disagreed with the take-over of the Philippines but Congress ratified the treaty.

33. What canal links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?
Erie Canal
Mississippi Canal
Panama Canal
Gulf of Mexico
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34. Panama Canal
President Theodore Roosevelt and others wanted a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Central America was an ideal location
The US chose Panama as the site to build the canal
US had to get permission from Colombia because they ruled Panama at the time

36. Panama Canal Negotiations with Colombia broke down
US helped Panama win its independence from Colombia
Work began in 1904 and the canal was completed in 1914
It cost the US $380 million and more than 5,600 workers died while building the canal
The US paid Panama $10 million plus $250,000 of yearly rent

37. Roosevelt Corollary
Theodore Roosevelt was determined to make the US the dominant power in Central and South American (Latin America)
Monroe Doctrine had demanded European countries stay out of Latin America affairs
Roosevelt added that the US would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America. This is known as the Roosevelt Corollary.

38. Many Latin American countries were nervous about the Roosevelt Corollary due to the US involvement in the Mexican-American War and the Spanish-American War.
True
False