1. Chapter 3.2
Energy Flow

2. Producers
Autotroph-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer. All plants and some microorganisms make their own food from sunlight.
Producer- organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph.

3. Producers: ENERGY FROM THE SUN
Photosynthesis- process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.

4. Producers: Photosynthesis

5. Producers: ENERGY WITHOUT LIGHT
Chemosynthesis-process by which some organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

6. Different
feeding
levels
Producers
(autotroph)
Consumers
(heterotroph)
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detrivotore
Decomposers

7. CONSUMERS
Heterotroph- organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer
Consumer- organism that relies on other organism for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph
Detrivotore- organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter. Ex: mites, earthworms, snails, and crabs
Decomposer-organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter. Ex. bacteria and fungi

8. Consumers: 3 Kinds of common heterotrophs
Herbivore- organism that obtains energy by eating only plants. Ex: cows, caterpillars, deers.
Carnivore- organism that obtains energy from eating animals. Ex: snakes, dogs and owls.
Omnivore-organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals. Ex: humans, bears and crows.

9. FEEDING RELATIONSHIP: energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers).
-3rd level consumer- omnivore
-2nd level consumer- carnivore
-1st level consumer- herbivore
-producer- plants

10. Food web
examples

12. FOOD CHAINS:
Food chain -series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Food web-network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationship among the various organisms in an
ecosystem.
Trophic level-step in a food chain or food web. Producers make up the first trophic level. Consumers make up the second, third and fourth level.

13. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS There are 3 ecological pyramids: 1. ENERGY PYRAMID
Ecological pyramid- diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web
Only 10% of energy available in one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level.

14. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS 2. BIOMASS PYRAMID
Biomass- total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
3. PYRAMID OF NUMBERS
Pyramid of numbers: is based on the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level.

15. Vocabulary phot – or photo – light chem.- or chemo – chemistry
synthesis – production of substance
herb- plant
carn-meat
omni – all
detritus – organic particles
vore - eat

16. QUESTIIONS: What are the two main forms of energy that power living things?
1. Solar energy (the sun) is obtained by autotrophs in the process of photosynthesis (plants/algae)
2. Chemical energy is obtained by autotrophs in the process of chemosynthesis (bacteria/microorganisms)

17. Briefly describe the flow energy among organisms in an ecosystem.
There is one-way energy flow in the system. First energy starts from autotrophs (producers) and moves up to heterotrophs (consumers), first herbivores, carnivores, and then omnivores.

18. What proportion of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?
In general, about 10%

19. Show the following as food chain: omnivore, autotroph and herbivore.
Autotroph-> herbivore-> omnivore

20. Critical thinking: Calculating: Draw an energy pyramid for a five-step food chain. If 100% of the energy is available at the first trophic level, what % of the total energy is available at the highest trophic level?
At the first level (producers) 100% energy
Second level 10% energy
Third level 1%
Fourth level 0.1%
Fifth level 0.01%