Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Chapter 4 – Native Americans
Keys to Understanding – Read through and write in your notes ALL of them Page 85 Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper you can hand in! – Pages 86-90 Who were those people who moved into the North American continent and eventually to the Pacific Northwest? When did they first arrive? Where did they come from? Why did these early immigrants risk their lives to start a new life in the Western Hemisphere or the New World? How did they cross the vast Pacific and Atlantic oceans?
2
Unit 3 – Native Americans
Page 84 - Current Issues Update
3
Original Inhabitants Native Americans were the first inhabitants
Scientists suggest that it may have been 30,000 to 50,000 years ago Came from Central Asia Lived here 14,000 years Most likely walked/canoed from Alaska
4
Migrational Hypotheses
Ice Bridge Land Bridge Continental Shelf Kon Tiki Ra Continental Drift Atlantis Mu Read through page 87
5
Reasons for Migration Why did Native Americas migrate to North America? In search of food For a milder climate A better and safer environment For adventure Driven there
6
Worksheet Assignment
7
Geologic Observations
What were some of them?
8
Legends Concerning Indian Origins
What is the general legend of the creation of Native American Tribes? What were the specific stories about how the tribes were formed? Iltswetsix Wishpoosh Coyote Charger What do these stories tell us about Native Americans beliefs?
9
Create a cartoon of one of the ways tribes were thought to be formed.
In Class Assignment
10
In Class Reading Assignment
Read pages 91 – 92 Uncovering the past through Richey Clovis Cache
11
Reading Quiz 1. The Ozette Dig found a ___________ village that was covered by a mud slide. 2. What did the mastodon at the Manis Mastodon site have between its ribs? 3. The Richey Clovis Cache was found in an _______________. 4. E.C. 1 pt. Spell the great sea monsters name correctly.
12
Important Archaeological Finds
Marmes Man Ozette Dig Manis Mastodon Richey Clovis Cache Kennewick Man
13
Marmes Man – 1950s-60s Ozette Dig - 1966 A Makah village was uncovered
Human skeletal bones were found What did they confirm? That humans lived in the PNW some 11,000 years ago Ozette Dig A Makah village was uncovered A mudslide had covered it 50,000 Indian artifacts were found
14
Manis Mastodon - 1977 Remains of a mastodon were found Evidence of?
A man made weapon embedded in the ribs Evidence of? The fact that humans hunted there in the final stages of the ice age
15
Richy Clovis Cache Controversial digging site Read Page 92
16
Pacific Northwest Indians
Arrived around 14,000 to 30,000 years ago What are the two types of climates in the PNW? There are 2 Indian Types Coastal - Permanent Plateau - Nomadic
17
Contrasting Cultures Read page 94 Introduction
18
Physical Appearance What do you have written? Reddish-brown skin color
Straight black hair Dark brown or black eye color Broad forehead High prominent cheekbones Little facial and body hair
19
Location Coastal Indians Plateau Indians
Lived on the coastlines of the Pacific Ocean, Strait of Juan de Fuca, San Juan Islands, and the Puget sound area Generally did not communicate with other tribes Plateau Indians Lived between the Cascade and Rocky mountains Nomadic Constantly seeking fresh water, food, shelter, and safety More conflicts Read last paragraph on page 95
20
Tribal Units – What were some?
Coastal Tribes Makah Tillamook Chinook Suquamish Etc. Plateau Tribes Nez Perce Spokane Walla Walla Yakima/Yakama Palouse Shoshone
21
Tribal Structure – Coastal Indians
Represented several: Families, clans, councils, village, or lodges The top is the chief Then Shaman – Medicine man or spiritual leader Social class was determined by birth or wealth Wealthiest was chief Lowest class Slaves – usually captured tribe members
22
Tribal Structure – Plateau Indians
Very similar Valued courage and wisdom Moved up in the tribe hierarchy Chiefs were supposed to keep peace Fought wars Settled quarrels Did not value material possessions and slaves Valued survival
23
Native American Communication
What did you have written? Through songs, chants, dances, totem poles, pattern designs on blankets, pictures, storytelling, etc. Why was it hard to communicate? Lots of dialects How did they communicate history and their past?
24
Clothing of Native Americans
What did you have? The Coastal Indians: Summer: Males: Breech cloths, Barefoot, Leggings, and Moccasins Females: Skirts and Dresses Winter: Capes, ponchos, robes, etc. Cone shaped hats To keep dry and warm
25
Clothing of Native Americans Ctn.
Plateau Indians Wore decorative clothes Clothing reflected the materials available in their environment Summer: Males: Breechcloths, leather moccasins, and leather leggings Females: Decorative dresses Winter: Heavy garments made from animals skins
26
Clothing of Native Americans Ctn.
Both groups of Indians: Designed colorful blankets and beautiful ceremonial clothing Headdresses, feathers, bones, beads, jewelry, shells, metallic objects, horns, animal teeth, etc. In other words…. Took their appearance seriously like many people today.
27
Work Time
28
Review Where are the two places that Indians were located?
What are some distinguishing features of Native Americans? How did people get to North America? Why did they leave for North America? What were some things a chief does? What are some names of Indian tribes in the Pacific Northwest?
29
Diet What did you have written?
PNW Indians hunted, fished, and gathered food Coastal Indians: Ate foods like – Whale, salmon, otter, seal, clams, oysters, halibut, and other fish Hunted – Deer, elk, bear, mountain goats and sheep Most foods were eaten right away Did dry food if they wanted to save it
30
Hunting and Gathering What did you have? Plateau Indians
Had to compete for food and water Nomadic by necessity Hunted: Deer, antelope, bear, elk, buffalo, prairie dogs, beaver, etc. Would eat anything if desperate enough Gathered: Berries, roots, nuts, and seed Fished: Salmon – page 101
31
Whaling What was the most respected tribe for their whaling skillz?
Some history Read page
32
Native American Shelter
What did you have written? Coastal Indians Lived in a large permanent structure Made of planks or cedar log Plateau Indians Seldom used permanent structures Lived in tepees In winter they lived in caves or constructing a pit house
33
Transportation What did you have written?
How did the Native Americans originally travel? By foot or canoe Who introduced the Native Americans to a new form of transportation? Spanish/Europeans What was it? Horse
34
Canoe Primary means of travel for the coastal Indians
How did they build a canoe? Cut a cedar tree Took off the bark Dug out the wood inside Burned the insides Filled it with hot water Heated outside Separated interior area Braced the separated edges Smoothed the bottom
35
Canoe Ctn. What was the purpose of a canoe? To transport people
To haul trading goods and supplies To go fishing and whaling To wage war *Largest may have been over 30 feet in length
36
Horse Increased the nobility of the Plateau Indian
May tribes were respected for their horsemanship Examples: Shoshone, Nez Perce, and Klickitat Native Americans Reaction to Horses – Page What was a travois? Consisted of two long poles Attached to animals shoulders A woven mat/animal hides covered the middle
37
Economic Activities What did you have written?
What were the 3 basic roles of men? What did the women do?
38
Economic Activities Summary of Economic Activities
Men: Hunters, fishers, and warriors Women: Raised children and gathered food Both groups of N.A. loved to barter and negotiate Read last two paragraphs to understand what each group does
39
Worksheet
40
Tools and Implements What did you have written? Primitive Tools
Did not use metal until after Europeans arrived Used materials such as horns, animal bone, animal hair, wood, rock, and grasses. Created baskets, blankets, hammers, chisels, knives, fishhooks, harpoons, spears, clubs, bows, spoons, boxes, etc.
41
Recreation What types of Recreation were there?
Recreation was where individuals expressed bravery and athletic skills Activities included: Racing (Canoes and on foot) Tug-of-war Wrestling Bow and arrow contests Spear throwing Horsemanship Gambling
42
Ceremonies and Religion
What did you have written for ceremonies? There were events for things like: Puberty – Met with spirits in the woods Marriage Burials What did you have written for religion? Based on personal beliefs and spiritual experiences Animism – Based upon the direct relationship between the individual and his or her spirit Spirits in animals, plants, stars, etc. Each person had a spiritual experience
43
A Pow Wow What is it? – Read Page 109
44
The Shaman Who was he? Why was he important to the tribe?
What did the tribe ask him to help with?
45
Native Americans and New People
What did Europeans bring with them to Native Americans? Small pox Chicken pox Cholera Measles Burial Ceremony Read 2nd paragraph on page 112
46
The Potlatch What was a Potlatch? Meant “to give”
Chief or tribe hosted a tremendous party Gave gifts to the guests Object was to show generosity …. As well as to demonstrate wealth Got crazy like our parties… page 114
47
Social Organization What did you have written? The male was dominant
Provider and protector Responsible for hunting, fishing, and conducting business The women handled the day-to-day routine things Cared for children Gathered food Made clothes Children respected their elders
48
Paper Assignment We will start this paper tomorrow
For Monday you need to sign up for a Pacific Northwest Tribe
Similar presentations
