1. Langston Hughes Feb. 1, 1902 – May 22, 1967
American Poet, Social Activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri
Best known as the leader of the Harlem Renaissance- cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s.
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
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2. African- America social reformer, orator, writer, and statesman.
Frederick Douglass
Feb. 18, 1818 – Feb. 20, 1895
African- America social reformer, orator, writer, and statesman.
Escaped slavery to become a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York.
Firm believer in the equality of all peoples, whether black, female, Native American, or recent immigrant.
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3. Won 4 gold medals at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.
Jesse Owens
Sept. 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980
Won 4 gold medals at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.
He was the most successful athlete at the games and, as a Black man, was credited with "single-handedly crushing Hitler's myth of Aryan supremacy.”
Ranked 6th greatest North American athlete of the 20th century.
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4. Recorded more than 40 albums
Nina Simone
Feb. 21, 1933 – April 21, 2003
American singer, songwriter, pianist, arranger, and civil rights activist.
Recorded more than 40 albums
A civil rights message became standard in her recorded music.
Advocated for a violent revolution during the civil rights movement.
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5. Messman Third Class in the United States Navy on the USS West Virginia
Doris Miller
Oct 12, 1919 – Nov 24, 1943
Messman Third Class in the United States Navy on the USS West Virginia
1st African American to be awarded the Navy Cross (3rd highest honor at that time) for bravery during the attack on Pearl Harbor
Became iconic emblem of the war for black Americas
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6. 1st African American general officer in the US Air Force.
General Benjamin O. Davis Jr
Dec 18, 1912-July 4, 2002
1st African American general officer in the US Air Force.
Became a four-star general in 1998.
Commander of the WWII Tuskegee Airmen.
Flew more 60 missions during WWII.
Helped draft the Air Force plan for racial integration in Air Force 1st to integrate.
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7. 1st African-American Supreme Court Justice
Thurgood Marshall
July 2, 1908-Jan 24, 1993
1st African-American Supreme Court Justice
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from
Lawyer for Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka- ended segregation in public schools
As a lawyer- won 29 out of 32 cases he argued in front of the Supreme Court
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8. 1st in her family to be born into freedom
Madam C.J. Walker
Dec 23, 1867-May 25, 1919
Born Sarah Breedlove
1st in her family to be born into freedom
African- American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and a political & social activist
1st female self-made millionaire; became one of the wealthiest African-Americans in the country
Developed and marketed the first line of beauty and hair products for black women.
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9. African-American physicist & mathematician
Katherine Johnson (Hidden Figures)
Aug 26, 1918
African-American physicist & mathematician
Calculated the trajectories, launch windows, & back-up return paths for NASA including the 1969 Apollo 11 flight to the moon.
Labeled a “computer” for NASA
Graduated high 14, 18 with degrees in French and math.
Forced to work, eat, and use bathrooms in office labled “Colored Computers”.
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10. African-American civil rights activist
Diane Nash
May 15, 1938
African-American civil rights activist
Leader and strategist of the student wing of the Civil Rights Movement
Co-founded the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: independent student-led groups began direct-action protests against segregation in dozens of southern communities.
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11. Daisy Bates
Nov 11, 1914-Nov 4, 1999
American civil rights activist, newspaper publisher, journalist, and lecturer who played a leading role in the Little Rock Integration Crisis in 1957
“Little Rock Nine”- 9 children who attempted to enroll in Little Rock Central High School- National Guard was called to the school to keep them out
Bates planned for ministers to escort the students
President Eisenhower intervened by federalizing the
National Guard & dispatching the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to ensure the Supreme Courts orders were enforced- school was closed for 1 year.
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12. Ruby Bridges Sept 8, 1954 Activist, philanthropist, and author
1st black child to desegregate the all-white William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans, Louisiana
Escorted to school by 4 federal marshals the entire 1st year
White children pulled out; all teachers refused to teach.
Barbara Henry- the only person willing to teach a black student, for over a year Henry taught Ruby alone
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13. Mae Jemison
Oct 17, 1956
American engineer, physician, and NASA astronaut
Attended both Cornell and Stanford University
1st African American women to travel to space when she went into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour on Sept 12, 1992
Spent 190h 30min 23 s in space
Honored by Lego yesterday- ‘Women of NASA’
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14. Ella Fitzgerald April 25, 1917-June 15, 1996
American jazz singer often referred to as the First Lady of Song and Queen of jazz
Especially known for scat singing or the singing of nonsense words that became a part of African American jazz singers.
Appeared in film and TV.
It Don’t Mean a Thing
Dream a Little Dream of Me
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15. Louis Armstrong Aug 4, 1901- July 6, 1971
African-American trumpeter, composer, singer, and actor
One of the most influential figures in jazz; skilled at scat
1st truly popular African-American entertainers to "cross over“- whose skin color was secondary to his music in a racially divided America
What a Wonderful World Mack the Knife
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