1. Which of the following is an example of a haploid cell?
Stomach cell
Brain cell
Sperm Cell
Skin cell
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2. How many chromosomes are in your Somatic (body)cells?23 32 64 46
0 of 20 1

3. Your somatic (body) cells have how many pairs of homologous chromosomes?1

4. This is a picture of Gamete Chromatin Duplicated chromosome Karyotype1

5. Human somatic cells contain _____ pair(s) of sex chromosomes.22 1 23 46 1

6. Gametes are _________, meaning they contain one set of chromosomes.
Diploid
Haploid
Triploid
Monoploid 27

7. If an organism contains 14 chromosomes in each somatic cell, then its gametes each contain ____ chromosomes. 7 14 21 28 14

8. What is #1 in the picture? Centromere Centriole Chromatid Chromatin 10
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9. What is #2 in the picture? Centromere Chromosome DNA Chromatin 9
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10. The Cell Cycle PARTS OF THE CELL CYCLE Interphase G1 S G2 Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

11. Interphase 90% of cell life cycle Characteristics
cell doing its “everyday job”
prepares for duplication if triggered
Characteristics
nucleus well-defined
DNA loosely packed in long chromatin fibers

12. Interphase G1 – First stage after division Cell increases in size
Doubles organelles
Cells do everyday job
9.1

13. Interphase S – DNA synthesis occurs
DNA Replication takes place in the nucleus (copies chromosomes)
At the end of S phase, each chromosome contains two identical strands of DNA (sister chromatids)
G2 – Growth & final preparations for division
Prepares for division
Proteins that aid in mitosis are made in this stage
Microtubules
9.1

14. Control of the Cell Apoptosis – Programmed cell death
Apoptosis & the cell cycle work together to maintain # of cells in the body (Homeostasis)
Cell Checkpoints (Each controlled by proteins)
G1 – Checks DNA for mutations after G1
If ok the cell cycle goes on, if not… APOPTOSIS!
G2 – Check to make sure DNA has been copied correctly
if DNA replicated correctly process moves to mitosis, if not… APOPTOSIS!
M Checkpoint – Checkpoint in mitosis/Checks that chromosomes are
attached to spindle
Takes place between metaphase and anaphase
Ensures chromosomes have lined up correctly, if not…. APOPTOSIS!
9.1

15. Cancer Uncontrolled cell growth Why??
Checkpoints in cell cycle break down
Due to mutations in genes that produce proteins that control the checkpoints
Can cause tumors (mass of cells)
Malignant tumor – cancerous tumor that may spread to other areas of the body
Benign tumor – non-cancerous tumor
Metastasis- the spreading of cancer from one part of the body to another

16. Chromosomes Chromatin Chromatids Centromere
What is the DNA/protein complex called? (Hint: This is DNA when it is unwound)
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Chromatids
Centromere
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17. In which stage of interphase does the cell replicate its DNA?4

18. Programmed cell death is called
Mitosis
Cancer
Apoptosis G0
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19. Cell growth and final preparation for division occurs at which stage of interphase?1

20. The Cell Cycle
Interphase G1 S G2
Mitosis (PMAT)
3. Cytokinesis

21. Mitosis – division of the nucleus
4 Parts (PMAT):
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

22. Prophase Chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes
Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell
Microtubules extend from the centrioles to form mitotic spindle
Pull apart sister chromatids
Nucleolus disappears
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers
Pro = Prepare

23. Metaphase Spindle fibers align chromosomes along the middle of cell
Meta = Middle
metaphase plate
helps to ensure chromosomes separate properly
so each new nucleus receives only 1 copy of each chromosome

24. Anaphase Sister chromatids separate move to opposite poles
pulled at centromeres
Ana = APART

25. Telophase Opposite of prophase
The chromosomes are at the poles of the spindle.
The spindle fibers disintegrate
The nuclear membrane re-forms around the two sets of chromosomes.
Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin again
Telophase = looks like a telephone

26. Cytokinesis Cell divides into two identical daughter cells
Plant and animal cells divide the cytoplasm in different ways.

27. Cytokinesis (Plants)
In plant cells, a new cell wall made of cellulose forms between the 2 new nuclei, about where the chromosomes lined up in metaphase.
Cell membranes form along the surfaces of this wall.
When the new wall joins with the existing side wall, the 2 cells have become separate.

28. Cytokinesis (Animals)
In animal cells, a ring of protein fibers forms around the cell equator and contacts, pinching the cell in half.