1. Seasons Vocabulary Summer Northern Hemisphere
The northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun.
Most direct sunlight (focused light)
Longer days and shorter nights.
North pole has constant daylight
Direct – focused
Indirect– scattered
A great demonstration to show direct and indirect light is to use a flashlight and a blank piece of paper. Tilt the paper to represent the hemisphere that is pointed away from the Sun. The same light will spread out over a larger area.
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2. Seasons Vocabulary Fall Northern Hemisphere
The axis is not pointed towards or away from the Sun.
Equal sunlight in both hemispheres
Equal length days and nights at the equator
Students often think the Earth is going over the Sun when looking at this model. It is easier to understand if you mimic the diagram with a 3d model.
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3. Seasons Vocabulary Winter Northern Hemisphere
The northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun.
Most indirect sunlight
Shorter days and longer nights
South pole has constant daylight
Indirect– scattered
Direct – focused
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4. Seasons Vocabulary Spring Northern Hemisphere
The axis is not pointed towards or away from the Sun.
Equal sunlight in both hemispheres
Equal length days (12 hours) and nights (12 hours) at the equator
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5. Seasons Vocabulary Seasons Southern Hemisphere
Opposite of northern hemisphere
Ex. If it’s summer in Dallas, then it’s winter in Rio de Janeiro.
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6. Quick Action – Seasons Model
Find a partner and stand up.
One person will need a pencil
Listen to your teacher for specific instructions.
This activity is a quick break from taking notes. It allows students to model the position of Earth at each season
Have one student be the Earth and one student be the Sun.
The person who is the Earth needs to hold a pencil/pen to model the axis.
Pick a focal point in the room where the axis always points.
Have everyone model summer in the northern hemisphere.
That person will model the revolution of Earth around the Sun.
Walk them through each of the seasons.
Switch roles and repeat the process starting with a new season in the Southern hemisphere.
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7. Seasons Vocabulary Solstices The longest or shortest days of the year
The Sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon.
Summer Solstice – about June 21st
Winter Solstice – about December 21st
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8. Seasons Vocabulary
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9. Seasons Vocabulary
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10. Seasons Vocabulary Equinoxes Day and night are equal at the equator
Vernal equinox – about March 20th
Autumnal equinox – about September 22nd
Explaining the equinoxes is much easier to understand if the teacher sets up a quick model for the class to see. It’s hard for the class to visualize the equal sunlight in the equinox positions.
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11. Check for Understanding
Seasons Model- ON PAGE
Draw a model of the Earth’s revolution around the Sun.
Include labels for each season in the Northern and Southern hemisphere.
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12. Tides Tides The alternate rise and fall of the oceans
Tides and waves are not the same thing
Tides rise and fall about every 12 hours due to the rotation of the Earth
2 high tides and 2 low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes
A big misconception about tides is that waves and tides are the same thing. They are not.
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13. Gravity of the Moon and Sun cause the tides
Gravity and Tides
Gravity of the Moon and Sun cause the tides
The Moon is closer to Earth and has a much greater impact on the tides than the Sun. 
In case someone asks why there are two bulges I found explanation on NOAA.gov
“Gravity and inertia act in opposition on the Earth’s oceans, creating tidal bulges on opposite sites of the planet. On the “near” side of the Earth (the side facing the moon), the gravitational force of the moon pulls the ocean’s waters toward it, creating one bulge. On the far side of the Earth, inertia dominates, creating a second bulge.”
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14. Tides Low Tide Beach and environment exposed
Organisms have adapted to long periods with limited water
High Tide
Environment becomes flooded with ocean water
Organisms have adapted to long periods of immersion in saltwater
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15. The Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line.
Tides
Spring Tides
The Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line.
Largest difference between high and low tides
New or Full Moon
Full Moon
New Moon
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16. The Sun, Earth, and Moon form a ninety degree angle.
Tides
Neap Tides
The Sun, Earth, and Moon form a ninety degree angle.
Smallest difference between high and low tides
1st or 3rd Quarter Moon
First Quarter
90º
90º
Third Quarter
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17. Quick Action – Tide Model
Get into groups of 3 and stand up
The oldest person is the Sun. The middle is the Earth. The youngest is the Moon.
This activity is a quick break from taking notes. It helps students to model what they just learned.
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18. Quick Action – Spring Tide Model
Model how the Sun, Earth, and Moon would look during a New Moon - Spring Tide.
Model how the Sun, Earth, and Moon would look during a Full Moon - Spring Tide.
This activity is a quick break from taking notes. It helps students to model what they just learned.
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19. Quick Action – Neap Tide Model
Model how the Sun, Earth, and Moon would look during a First Quarter - Neap Tide.
Model how the Sun, Earth, and Moon would look during a Third Quarter - Neap Tide.
This activity is a quick break from taking notes. It helps students to model what they just learned.
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20. Quick Action – Draw & Name the Tide and Moon Phase on Page
Sun E
Sun E M
____________________________
____________________________
Sun E
I would do the following activity in the INB and then check it with the entire class.
Sun E M M
____________________________
____________________________________
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