1. Los mandatos
Afirmativos: formales y plurales

2. Tipos de mandatos
There are two different types of commands, formal commands and informal commands.
Informal commands are for people you know well (tú). Formal commands are for people that you don’t know very well (usted).
For each type of command there are affirmative (telling someone TO do something) and negative commands (telling someone NOT to do something), both using separate rules.

3. Formal Commands
Formal commands are for people you don’t know well. The Spanish subjects that are used for these commands are:
Usted- giving a command to one person
Ustedes- giving a command to two people or more

4. Affirmative Formal Commands used for usted only
There are three steps to remember how to form formal affirmative commands:
Conjugate for yo (present tense)
Drop the “o”
Add the opposite ending
-ar  e -er/ir a
Verb: Nadar –to swim Subject: Usted Command: (you) (formal) Swim!
Nado
Nad
¡Nade!
Ejemplo: Comer- to eat Subject: Usted Command: (you) (formal) Eat!
Como
Com
¡Coma!
Por ejemplo:

5. Plural Affirmative Commands Telling more than one person BOTH informal (a group of friends/peers/students) and formal (a group of persons of authority) to do something.
Add the letter –n to the singular formal command to make the plural command.
Ejemplo: Escribir Command: (you all) Write!
Escribo (yo form)
Escrib (drop o)
Escriba (add ‘a’ to –er and –ir verbs)
¡Escriban! (add n if addressing multiple people)

6. -car, -gar, -zar rules still in effect
Los irregulares
A few verbs have irregular formal and plural commands: Dar -> (Usted) dé -> (ustedes) den Estar-> (Usted) esté -> (ustedes) estén Ir -> (Usted) vaya -> (ustedes) vayan Saber-> (Usted) sepa -> (ustedes) sepan Ser-> (Usted) sea -> (ustedes) sean
-car, -gar, -zar rules still in effect
-car -> qu
-gar -> gu
-zar -> c

7. Negative Formal Commands
The first three steps are the same as affirmative commands but with one simple step added at the end
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the opposite ending
-ar  e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Place no before the verb
Example:
Verb: Bailar –to dance Subject: Ustedes
Bailo
Bail
Bailen
¡No bailen!

8. Negative Informal Commands
The same steps that are for affirmative are very similar for the negative:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add these endings:
-ares -er/iras
4. Place no in front of the verb
Example:
Verd: Caminar –to walk Subject: Tú
Camino
Camin
Camines
¡No Camines!

9. Commands with Pronouns
There are two different types of pronouns that our Spanish II class uses, Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive pronouns. Both have VERY similar steps to follow with the formal and informal commands.

10. Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are used to say a verb acts on the subject. Example: I hit myself. Bill hit himself. They hit themselves. The verb acts on all of the subjects.

11. Reflexive Pronouns
Yo Me Nos Nosotros Tú Te Os Vosotros Usted Se Se Ustedes Él Se Se Ellos Ella Se Se Ellas
Example:
-I shower are 5:30.
Yo me ducho a las cinco y media.
-We dress at 8:00.
Nostoros nos vestimos a las ocho.

12. Reflexive Pronouns with Formal Commands
Affirmative
The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the opposite ending
-ar  e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Add the reflexive pronoun “se” to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Example:
Verb: Dormirse –to sleep Subject: Usted
Duermo Duermase
Duerm ¡Duérmase!
Duerma

13. Reflexive Pronouns with Formal Commands
Negative
The first three steps are the same:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the opposite ending
-ar  e, en -er/ir a,an
Put no and se in front of the verb
Example:
Verb: Ducharse –to take a shower Subject: Usted
Ducho ¡No se duchen!
Duch
Duchen

14. Reflexive Pronouns with Informal Commands
Affirmative
The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the third person ending
-ar a -er/ir e
4. Add the reflexive pronoun “te” to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Example:
Verb: Dormirse –to sleep Subject: Tú
Duermo Duermete
Duerm ¡Duérmete!
Duerme

15. Reflexive Pronouns with Informal Commands
Negative
The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the third person ending
-ar as -er/ir es
4. Put no and te in front of the verb
Example:
Verb: afeitarse –to shave Subject: Tú
Afeito ¡No te afeitas!
Afeit
Afeita

16. Direct Object Pronouns
Direct object pronouns are used to take the place of things. The object is directly affected by the verb.
These are the direct object pronouns:
It Them
lo los
la las
These always come before the conjugated verb or attaches to the infinitive.
Example:
-We read the books.
Nosotros los leemos
-She listens to music.
Ella la escucha.

17. Direct Object Pronouns with Formal Commands
Affirmative
The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the opposite ending
-ar  e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Add the direct object pronoun to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Example:
Verb: Lavar –to wash (Wash it) Subject: Usted
Lavo Lavalo
Lav ¡Lávalo!
Lava

18. Direct Object Pronouns with Formal Commands
Negative
The first three steps are the same:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the opposite ending
-ar  e, en -er/ir a,an
Put no and the direct object in front of the verb
Example:
Verb: Beber –to drink (Drink it) Subject: Ustedes
Bebo ¡No lo beban!
Beb
Beban

19. Direct Object with Informal Commands
Affirmative
The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the third person ending
-ar a -er/ir e
4. Add the direct object pronoun to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Example:
Verb: Comer-to eat (Eat them) Subject: Tú
Como Comalos
Com ¡Cómalos!
Coma

20. Direct Object Pronouns with Informal Commands
Negative
The first three steps are the same with a few changes at the end:
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the third person ending
-ar as -er/ir es
4. Put no and the direct object in front of the verb
Example:
Verb: Cerrar –to close (Don’t close it) Subject: Tú
Cerro ¡No lo cerras!
Cerr
Cerra

21. Review Formal Commands Informal Commands Affirmative Affirmative
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the opposite ending
-ar  e, en -er/ir a,an
4. Add the pronoun to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Negative
4. Place no and the pronoun before the verb
Affirmative
Conjugate for yo
Drop the “o”
Add the third person ending
-ar a -er/ir e
4. Add the pronoun to the end
5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end
Negative
Add these endings:
-ares -er/iras
4. Place no and the pronun before the verb

22. Quiz:
Use direct objects or reflexive pronouns with commands to write sentences.

23. 1. Tell your best friend to brush their teeth.(cepillarse los dientes)
¡Cepíllate los dientes!

24. 2. Tell your brother to wash the dishes. (lavar los platos)
¡Lávalos!

25. 3. Tell your teacher not to sleep in class.(dormirse en clase)
¡No se duerma en clase!

26. 4. Tell your parents friends to sit down. (sentarse)
¡Siéntense!

27. 5. Tell the stranger not to take the taxi. (tomar el taxi)
¡No lo tome!

28. The End