1. Greeks
Ch. 5
Sec. 2

2. Purpose:
Recognize the contrasting cultures of Athens and Sparta

3. Rule and Order in Greek City-States
Rule and Order in Greek City-States *Independent city with their own separate form of government
Greek Political Unit
POLIS – City-State and all land which surrounds it.
Acropolis – fortified hill top with a public center.
Agora – is a public center.
*Examples of City States: Athens, Sparta and Thebes
Athens, Sparta, and Thebes were all city-states which are
Governmental service units that are linked through civil service exams
Independent cities with their own separate form of governments
A part of an alliance against the Byzantines
d. None of the above

4. Mastery Check
Athens, Sparta, and Thebes were all city-states which are
Governmental service units that are linked through civil service exams
Independent cities with their own separate form of governments
A part of an alliance against the Byzantines
d. None of the above

5. Rule and Order in Greek City-States
New Kind of Army Emerges
Bronze replaced by Iron
Weapons become cheaper
“Citizen” Army develops – Hoplites (based on the shields they carried called a hoplon).
Military Tactics – Use of PHALANX
most powerful fighting force in the ancient world.
A phalanx was a type of
Military formation used in battle
Mythical creature that is half the body of a bull
Governmental body that was led by a group of nobles
dSecured fortress that was the highest point of a city

7. Rule and Order in Greek City-States
Tyrants Seize Power
Unrest in areas would cause revolts of established governments
Powerful individuals, tyrants, gained control of government by appealing to the discontent.

8. Sparta Builds a Military State
Sparta Dominates Messeneians
Sparta defeated the Messenia in 725 BC the defeated became “helots”, peasants forced to stay and work on the land.

9. Horrible History-Spartan HS Muscial

10. Sparta Builds a Military State
*Sparta’s Government (Oligarchy)-small group of powerful people
Assembly – composed of free adult males, elected officials and voted on issues.
Council of Elders – proposed laws on which the assembly voted.
Ephors –Five elected officials carried out the laws including education and judicial matters.
Kings – two kings ruled over Sparta’s military.
3.      A form of government ruled by a small group of powerful people and characterized the government of ancient Sparta is a or an
a. Aristocracy
b.      Democracy
c. Monarchy
d. Oligarchy

11. Mastery Check
3. A form of government ruled by a small group of powerful people and characterized the government of ancient Sparta is a or an
a. Aristocracy
b.      Democracy
c. Monarchy
d. Oligarchy

12. Spartan Society Society Citizens – descended from original inhabitants
Non-citizens – free but original to area worked in commerce and industry.
Helots – vanquished people little better than slaves.
What were the Spartan slaves called
Serfs
Peasants
Helots
d. Aryans

13. Spartan Society Education (Ancient Warriors Video: Spartans)
Boys – centered around military life from 6 – 24
Girls – treated equally tough (trained, ran, wrestled and played sports) but education in domestic matters.
All forms of individual expression were discouraged in pursuit of ultimate military.

14. Horrible History-Sparta Teacher Conference

15. Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
Political Developments in Athens
Direct Democracy enabled Athens to avoid civil war
State ruled by its citizens
Rule is based on citizenship
Majority rule decides vote

16. Forms of Government Found in Greece
Monarchy
State ruled by a king.
Rule is hereditary
Some rulers claim divine right.

17. Forms of Government Aristocracy State ruled by nobles
Rule is hereditary and based on land ownership
Social status and wealth support rulers’ authority
Athens

18. Forms of Government Oligarchy *State ruled by small group of citizens
Rule is based on wealth
Ruling group controls military
Sparta

19. Forms of Government Direct Democracy State ruled by its citizens
Rule is based on citizenship
*People vote directly for leaders
United States system of voting is modeled after this
Majority rule decided vote
Athens
3.      In order for a democracy to be a direct democracy, laws must be
a.      Written down
b.      Freely debated
c.      Voted on by citizens
d Voted on by representatives
Which of the following forms of government is more closely related to our form of government in the United States?
a.      Monarchy
b.      Aristocracy
c.      Oligarchy
d Direct Democracy

20. Mastery Check
In order for a democracy to be a direct democracy, laws must be
a.      Written down
b.      Freely debated
c.      Voted on by citizens
d Voted on by representatives
Which of the following forms of government is more closely related to our form of government in the United States?
a.      Monarchy
b.      Aristocracy
c.      Oligarchy
d Direct Democracy

21. Horrible History-Sparta/Athens Wife Swap

22. The Persian Wars Battle of Marathon
520 BC Ionian Greeks revolted against Persia. Athens sends military aid. Persia attacks Greece in 490 BC on the plain of Marathon Greek Phalanxes defeated the Persians.
Thermopylae
Xerxes assembled an enormous fleet that landed in Greece without conflict until they reached the mountain pass of Thermopylea. There the Spartans attacked. By refused to retreat the Spartans sacrificed themselves and galvanized the Greek forces in 480 BC.
Salamis
Athens attempted to battle Xerxes at sea and in decisive sea battle at Salamis, the Greek forces sank 1/3 of the Persian fleet as their king watched from nearby shores in 480 BC
Platea
Final battle in which Greece’s Army defeats the remaining forces of Persia in 479 BC
3.      Which of the following was not a battle fought in the Persian War?
a. The Battle of Marathon
b.      The Battle of The Thermopylae
c. The Battle of Troy
d. The Battle of Plataea

23. The Result of the Persian Wars
Greek City-States felt sense of freedom
Athens becomes leader of Delian League.
League prevents future attacks by Persia.
Athens uses League $$ to develop a Navy and pay for other civic projects.
Athens enters into Gree Golden Age.

24. Mastery Check Which city state practiced an Oligarchy? A. Athens
B. Sparta
C. Both
D. Neither

25. Mastery Check Which city state practiced an Oligarchy? A. Athens
B. Sparta
C. Both
D. Neither

26. Closure: T-shirt activity:
Make a “Game Day” slogan for Athens or Sparta
Make a list of 5 traits of Athens and Sparta
Then design a tshirt that they would have worn that represents the traits they are MOST know for
Color your “t-shirt”