1. Enhanced Oil Recovery by Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Injection Followed by Low Salinity Water Flooding in Tight Carbonate Reservoir: A Laboratory Study

2. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION Experimental work Objectives RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION PRIMARY RECOVERY SECONDARY RECOVERY TERTIARY RECOVERY
NATURAL FLOW
ARTIFICIAL LIFT
SECONDARY RECOVERY
IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY ( IOR ]
WATER FLOODING
GAS INJECTION
TERTIARY RECOVERY
OIL RECOVERY ( EOR ]
ENHANCED
THERMAL
GAS INJECTION
CHEMICAL & OTHER
Steam
Hot water
CO2
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen
Alkaline
Polymer
Microbial

5. COMBINING GAS INJECTION + LSW DESIGN OF AN EOR TECHNIQUE
OBJECTIVES
COMBINING GAS INJECTION + LSW
DESIGN OF AN EOR TECHNIQUE
LOW PERMEABILITY (TIGHT)
CARBONATE RESRVOIR

6. EOR LITERATURE REVIEW Supplement the reservoir's natural energy
To create favorable condition to increase residual oil recovery

7. EOR TECHNIQUES LOW SALINITY WATER leads to significant oil recovery
very high sweep efficiency
CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION
mixing with the oil, make it lighter, detach it from the rock surfaces
𝐂𝐎 𝟐 vaporizes hydrocarbons primarily the 𝐂 𝟓+ fractions
NITROGEN INJECTION
Nitrogen Reduces the viscosity of hydrocarbons
Vaporizes light components from C1 to C5

8. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Cleaning, drying and measuring porosity and permeability of cores by nitrogen
Saturating core samples with formation brine
Flooding with crude oil to Swi
Flooding with Sea water to Sor-1
Flooding with low salinity water to Sor-2
Injecting with N2
Injecting with CO2

9. Preparing core samples
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Preparing core samples

10. Measurement of porosity and permeability to nitrogen
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Measurement of porosity and permeability to nitrogen

11. Saturating core samples with formation brine
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Saturating core samples with formation brine

12. Flooding core samples with oil, brine, and gases
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Flooding core samples with oil, brine, and gases

13. FLOODING SYSTEM SCETCH

14. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residual Oil Saturation is percentage of volume of residual oil divided by initial volume of oil in core samples

15. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Displacement Efficiency is percentage of produced oil divided by initial volume of oil

16. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Production Ratio is the volume of produced oil divided by volume of brine flooded into the sample

17. Enhancement in residual oil saturation
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Enhancement in residual oil saturation

18. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Permeability before and after flooding

19. Results CONCLUSION N2 +LSW has the highest recovery
Permeability increased
Dissolution of ions
N2 +LSW has the highest recovery
1- smaller molecular mass of N2 molecules
2- vaporization gas drive mechanism

20. REFERENCES
[1] Ronald E. Terry,” Enhanced Oil Recovery”, pp , 2000.
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[5] Oistein Glaso, “Miscible Displacement: Recovery Tests With Nitrogen”, SPE 17278, 1990.
[6] Hazim H. Alattar, Mahmoud Y. Mahmoud, Abdulrazag Y. Zekri, Reyadh Almehaidab, Mamdouh Ghannam, “Low-salinity flooding in a selected carbonate reservoir: experimental approach”, J Petrol Explor Prod Technol, 2013.
[7] Mohamed E Amin, Abdulrazag Y Zekri, Reyadh Almehaidab and Hazim Al-Attar, “Optimization of CO2 WAG Processes in a Selected Carbonate Reservoir: An Experimental Approach”, Int. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech
[8] Willhite, G. P. & Green D. W., “Enhanced Oil Recovery”, Textbook series, SPE Richardson, Texas, 1998.
[9] J.J. Sheng, “Critical Review of low salinity water flooding”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 120, pp , 2014.
[10] Tibi G. Sorop et al., “Relative Permeability Measurements to Qualify the Low Salinity Flooding Effect at Field Scale”, SPE MS, 2015.

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