1. Is it good or bad? Create a table for why it can be both…
Carbon
Is it good or bad?
Create a table for why it can be both…

2. Carbon Good Bad Living things
Plants need carbon dioxide to photosynthesize
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere keeps the planet warm and livable
Many everyday things contain carbon
Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changes the climate
Too much carbon dioxide in the ocean makes it acidic
Forms acid rain

3. 2.1 Molecules to metabolism
Understanding:
Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved
Carbon atoms can form four bonds allowing a diversity of compounds to exist
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macro molecules from monomers by condensation reactions
Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
Applications:
Urea as an example of a compound that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificially synthesized
Skills:
Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid.
Identification of biochemical such as carbohydrates, lipids or proteins from molecular diagrams.
Nature of science:
Falsification of theories: the artificial synthesis of urea helped to falsify vitalism

4. Carbon Think about each object
Decide (without your laptop) whether you think they contain carbon
Discuss your thoughts with others.
Decide why and write down your answer in the box provided.
Be prepared to share!
Understanding:
Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved

5. Seashells

6. Seashells
Come from organisms that extract calcium and carbon from the water
Form calcium carbonate shells

7. Wooden table

8. Wood Comes from a plant that once completed photosynthesis
Take in carbon dioxide to produce glucose

9. Plastic chair

10. Plastic Derived from petroleum which contains hydrocarbons
– made from hydrogen and carbon

11. Fabric

12. Fabric Plant-based (cotton) – photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide
Polyester – petroleum products contain hydrocarbons

13. Fizzy drinks

14. Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid
Carbonated drinks
Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid

15. Water

16. Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid
Water
Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid

17. Elements in living organismsC H O N
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

18. Carbon dioxide – has carbon but is inorganic (no C-H bond)
Organic or Inorganic?
Organic compounds = contain carbon, have C-H bonds
Inorganic compounds = no carbon, no C-H bonds
Always exceptions…
Carbon dioxide – has carbon but is inorganic (no C-H bond)
Urea – has no C-H bond but is classed as organic
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

19. Other elements can be added to carbon to make complex 3D molecules
Carbon Compounds
Other elements can be added to carbon to make complex 3D molecules
Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
Understanding:
Carbon atoms can form four bonds allowing a diversity of compounds to exist

20. Biochemical groups of carbon compounds:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Work together to carry out reactions within cells
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

21. Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphates
Types of molecules
Molecule
Sub components
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphates
Proteins
Amino acids
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

22. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Arranged in a ring
Carbohydrates
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Arranged in a ring
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

23. Fat if solid at room temperature Oil if liquid at room temperature
Lipids
Insoluble in water
Fat if solid at room temperature
Oil if liquid at room temperature
Arranged in three ‘prongs’
Contains phosphate groups
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

24. Chain of amino acids (there are 20)
Proteins
Chain of amino acids (there are 20)
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Can contain sulphur
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

25. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Nucleic Acids
Chains of nucleotides
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
RNA
DNA
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

26. Drawing and Identifying Structures
On your sheets:
Write the formula
Draw the structure (fully!)
Formula: CO2
Structure:
Skills:
Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid.
Identification of biochemical such as carbohydrates, lipids or proteins from molecular diagrams.

27. Drawing and Identifying Structures
Are the following molecules proteins, lipids or carbohydrates?
Skills:
Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid.
Identification of biochemical such as carbohydrates, lipids or proteins from molecular diagrams.

28. Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphates
Types of molecules
Molecule
Sub components
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphates
Proteins
Amino acids
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides
Understanding:
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

29. Carbohydrate
(Ribose)

30. Lipid
(Stearic acid)

31. Lipid
(Triglyceride)

32. Protein
(Amino acid)

33. Carbohydrate
(Disaccharide)

34. What is the difference?

36. Sum of all enzyme catalyzed reactions in an organism
Metabolism
Sum of all enzyme catalyzed reactions in an organism
(both intra and extracellular)
A number of pathways – one molecule is transformed into another in a series of small steps
Anabolism
Catabolism
Understanding:
Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism

38. What happens to the energy?
Metabolism
Type of metabolism
What is it?
What happens to the energy?
Anabolism
Catabolism
Understanding:
Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism

39. Build up larger molecules from smaller ones
Anabolism
Build up larger molecules from smaller ones
Require energy (ATP)
Form macromolecules from monomers
Understanding:
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macro molecules from monomers by condensation reactions

40. Larger molecules broken down into smaller ones
Catabolism
Larger molecules broken down into smaller ones
Release energy – re-used in the cell
Macromolecules into monomers
Understanding:
- Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers

41. Metabolism Monomers into macromolecules (small to big) Energy needed
Type of metabolism
What is it?
What happens to the energy?
Anabolism
Monomers into macromolecules
(small to big)
Energy needed
Catabolism
Macromolecules into monomers
(big to small)
Energy given off and used in cell
Understanding:
Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism