1. The Early Industrial Revolution, 1760 - 1851
Chapter 22 (pp. 628 – 650)

4. Causes of the Industrial Revolution
Began in Northwestern Europe
Involved fundamental changes in the way goods were produced
Involved innovations in:
Mining
Manufacturing
Transportation
Communication

5. Factors Leading to the Rise of Industrial Production
Europe’s location on the Atlantic Ocean
An abundance of rivers and canals
The Geographical distribution of coal, iron and timber

7. Factors Leading to the Rise of Industrial Production
European demographic changes
Population Increases
Improved agricultural productivity
“Second Agricultural Revolution”
Enclosure Movement

8. Factors Leading to the Rise of Industrial Production
Urbanization
Ex. London, Manchester, etc.
Led to overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, etc.

9. Factors Leading to the Rise of Industrial Production
Legal protection of private property
The accumulation of capital

10. The Development of Machines
Wind/Water Power > Steam > “Fossil Fuels”
New machines (including engines) made it possible to exploit new resources stored in fossil fuels
Ex. Coal & Oil
Greatly increased energy available to society

11. The Factory System Concentrated labor in a single location
Led to an increasing degree of specialization of labor

13. Steamships

14. Railroads

15. Telegraphs

16. Canals

17. Working Conditions
Women in industry
Child Labor

21. Effects Factory Acts of 1819: Factory Acts of 1833:
Children from 9-16 were limited to a 12 hour day.
Factory Acts of 1833:
Children under 9 were banned from all textile mills.
Children under 18 no longer worked at night
Provided safety inspections

22. Effects
Mine Acts
Children and women were no longer allowed to work in the coal mines

23. Changes in Society New social classes Middle Class
Industrial working class

28. New Economic and Political Ideas
Adam Smith
wrote The Wealth of Nations
Promoted Laissez Faire style government
Governments shouldn’t interfere in business
Free-market capitalism
“Invisible hand”
Financial institutions expanded
Ex. Stock markets, Limited Liability Corporations, etc.

29. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations
“By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was not part of it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good. It is an affectation, indeed, not very common among merchants, and very few words need be employed in dissuading them from it.”

30. New Patterns of Global Trade
As new methods of production became common, industrialization spread to:
other parts of Europe
United States
Russia
Japan
Industrialists sought raw materials and new markets from non-industrialized nations

33. New Patterns of Global Trade
Need for raw materials and food supplies led to the growth of “export economies”
Specialized in mass producing single natural resources
Ex. Cotton, Rubber, Guano

34. Egypt Promoted their own state-sponsored vision of industrialization
1800s, Egypt was still an Ottoman territory
Muhammad Ali promoted independence and mass production of cotton