1. Chapter 4 Emotions and Moods
Essentials of
Organizational Behavior, 10/e
Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge
Chapter 4
Emotions and Moods

2. After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Differentiate emotions from moods and list the basic emotions and moods.
Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
Discuss the impact emotional labor has on employees.
Contrast the evidence for and against the existence of emotional intelligence.
Apply the concepts of emotions and moods OB issues.
Contrast the experience, interpretation, and the expression of emotions across cultures.

3. Why Were Emotions Excluded from OB Study?
Myth of rationality – emotions were the antithesis of rationality and should not be seen in the workplace
Belief that emotions of any kind are disruptive in the workplace

4. Emotional Terminology
Affect
A generic term that encompasses a broad range of feelings that people experience
Emotion
Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something
Short termed and action-oriented.
Mood
Feelings that tend to be less intense and longer-lasting than emotions and often lack a contextual stimulus

5. Affect, Emotions, and Moods

6. The Spectrum of Basic Emotions
Happiness
Surprise
Fear
Sadness
Anger
Disgust
Classifying Moods: Positive and Negative Affect
Mood States: General groupings of affective emotions
Positivity Offset: Generally, at zero input, people are in a positive mood

7. The Functions of Emotions
Emotions and Rationality
Emotions are critical to rational thought: they help in understanding the world around us.
Evolutionary Psychology
Theory that emotions serve an evolutionary purpose: helps in survival of the gene pool
The theory is not universally accepted

8. Sources of Emotions and Moods
Day of Week and Time of Day
More positive interactions will likely occur mid-day and later in the week

9. More Sources Weather Stress Social Activities Sleep
No impact according to research
Stress
Increased stress worsens moods
Social Activities
Physical, informal, and epicurean activities increase positive mood
Sleep
Lack of sleep increases negative emotions and impairs decision making

10. Even More Sources Exercise Age Gender Mildly enhances positive mood
Older people experience negative emotions less frequently
Gender
Women show greater emotional expression, experience emotions more intensely and display more frequent expressions of emotions
Could be due to socialization

11. Emotional Labor
An employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work
Emotional dissonance is when an employee has to project one emotion while simultaneously feeling another

12. Felt vs. Displayed Emotions
Felt Emotions:
the individual’s actual emotions
Displayed Emotions:
the learned emotions that the organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job
Surface Acting is hiding one’s true emotions
Deep Acting is trying to change one’s feelings based on display rules

13. Emotional Intelligence
A person’s ability to:
Be self-aware (to recognize his or her own emotions as experienced),
Detect emotions in others, and
Manage emotional cues and information.
Moderately associated with high job performance

14. Emotional Intelligence on Trial
The case for:
The case against:
Intuitive appeal – it makes sense
EI predicts criteria that matter –positively correlated to high job performance
Study suggests that EI is neurologically based
EI is too vague a concept
EI can’t be measured
EI is so closely related to intelligence and personality that it is not unique when those factors are controlled

15. OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
Selection – Employers should consider EI a factor in hiring for jobs that demand a high degree of social interaction
Decision Making – Positive emotions can increase problem-solving skills and help us understand and analyze new information
Creativity – Positive moods and feedback may increase creativity

16. More OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
Motivation – Promoting positive moods may give a more motivated workforce
Leadership – Emotions help convey messages more effectively
Negotiation – Emotions may impair negotiator performance
Customer Service – Customers “catch” emotions from employees, called emotional contagion

17. Even More OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
Job Attitudes – Emotions at work get carried home but rarely carry over to the next day
Deviant Workplace Behaviors – Those who feel negative emotions are more likely to engage in deviant behavior at work

18. How Can Managers Influence Moods?
Use humor to lighten the moment
Give small tokens of appreciation
Stay in a good mood themselves – lead by example
Higher positive people

19. Global Implications
Does the degree to which people experience emotions vary across cultures? Do people’s interpretations of emotions vary across cultures? Do the norms for are the expressions of emotions differ across cultures? “YES” to all of the above!

20. Implications for Managers
Understand the role of emotions and moods to better explain and predict behavior
Emotions and moods do affect workplace performance
While managing emotions may be possible, absolute control of worker emotions is not

21. Keep in Mind… Positive emotions can increase problem- solving skills
People with high EI may be more effective in their jobs
Managers need to know the emotional norms for each culture they do business with

22. Summary
Differentiated emotions from moods and listed the basic emotions and moods.
Identified the sources of emotions and moods.
Discussed the impact emotional labor has on employees.
Contrasted the evidence for and against the existence of emotional intelligence.
Applied the concepts of emotions and moods OB issues.
Contrasted the experience, interpretation, and the expression of emotions across cultures.

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