1. 2. non-steroid AKA amino acid hormones.
Action of Hormones
Endocrine glands produce hormones  released into the bloodstream and distributed to body cells.
2 types of Hormones:
1. steroid hormones
2. non-steroid AKA amino acid hormones.
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The Endocrine System

2. Steroid Hormones Soluble in lipids
Can diffuse through the plasma membrane of cells
Bind to a receptor in the cell
The bound hormone and receptor bind to cell’s DNA
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The Endocrine System

3. Amino Acid Hormones Made of amino acids.
Bind to receptors found on the plasma membrane cell (can’t diffuse through the plasma membrane)
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The Endocrine System

4. Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones
1. Pituitary gland
Located at base of the brain
Secretes hormones that regulate many body functions
Regulates other endocrine glands
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The Endocrine System

5. Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones
2. Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Thyroxine causes higher rate of metabolism.
Calcitonin is a hormone helps regulate of calcium.
Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels
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The Endocrine System

6. Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones
3. Pancreas
Crucial - produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon - work together to maintain homeostasis
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The Endocrine System

7. 4. Adrenal glands Located just above kidneys
Makes the steroid hormone aldosterone
Makes hormones called glucocorticoids
Aldosterone affects the kidneys; important for reabsorbing sodium.
Cortisol raises blood glucose levels + reduces inflammation.
Tim Fuller
The Endocrine System
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8. Link to the Nervous System 5. Hypothalamus
Produces two hormones: oxytocin + antidiuretic hormone.
The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) maintains homeostasis by regulating water balance.
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The Endocrine System