1. Chapter 4 Ancient Egypt :The Nile Valley
Lesson 1
The Gift of the Nile

2. Objective
learn the importance of the Nile River in the development of Egyptian Civilization
Learn the basic characteristics of everyday life in Ancient Egyptian times

3. The Nile River Located in Egypt (Africa) Longest river in the world
Egypt is a hot country
Desert…little rainfall

4. The Gift of the Nile Water source Transportation
All civilizations need good source of water
Transportation
Became major route (highway)
Built boats (reeds, wooden planks) and barges
Deposit of fertile soil
Nile flooded annually, bringing fertile soil

5. Egyptian Innovation Egyptian Calendar
Created due to the prediction of the annual floods
They explained the calendar through religion
365 Days in a year with 3 Seasons:
Inundation-flooding of Nile (around June 20…Sirius)
Emergence-Nile recedes, fertile soil deposited
Harvest-the gathering of crops

6. Ancient Egyptian Religion
Egyptian religion had many dieties, or Gods
Afterlife: life after death
Each city-state had its own special god that it worshiped
Memphis Ptah, the god of arts
Thebes Amon, the sun god
Amon-Re  main god of all

7. Preparing for the Afterlife
Mummification preserving the dead body for its journey in the afterlife
Mummies would be placed in a sarcophagus or coffin
Egyptians would place items in the coffin or tombs for the dead to use in the afterlife.

8. This calendar is a copy of a design found on the ceiling of the Temple of Hathor in Egypt.

9. Ancient Egyptian History
Historians study Egyptian history in 4 major time periods:
The Early Period (3100 BC-2686 BC)
Hieroglyphics and Papyrus created
The Old Kingdom (2686 BC-2181 BC)
Pyramids built
The Middle Kingdom (2400 BC-1786 BC)
Hyksos gain control of Egypt
The New Kingdom (1552 BC-1069 BC)
Religious changes bring chaos to Egypt
King Tut revives Egypt