1. Homework and Notes Check!

2. Cell Structure and Function
Cells are like a factory….

3. Common Features of All Cells
All cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have some common features.

4. Common Features of All Cells
DNA, the genetic material contained in one or more chromosomes.
*Located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
*Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus
DNA has the instructions for the cell

5. DNA Structure

6. Common Features of All Cells
2. Plasma membrane, a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that separates the cell from the surrounding environment * Cell membrane controls what enters or leaves the cell.

7. Common Features of All Cells
3. Cytoplasm - basically the substance that fills the cell. It is a jelly-like material that is eighty percent water and usually clear in color.
Cell organelles are suspended and move about in the cytoplasm.

8. Common Features of All Cells
4. Ribosomes, the organelles on which protein synthesis takes place

9. Features of Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane-enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

10. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Cell Membrane – Phospholipid bylayer.
Controls entry and exit of materials – Shipping & Receiving
Contains proteins
Responsible for
communication
between cells
Also known as the
“Fluid Mosaic Model”

11. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Nucleus - The large, membrane-bounded organelle that contains the genetic material, in the form of DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes.
Controls cell activities and passes on hereditary information.
This is the Main Office

12. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Cytoplasm - clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles found inside cell membrane.
Supports and protects cell organelles.
This is the Factory Floor

13. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Endoplasmic reticulum - network of tubes or membranes.
Functions in the making lipids (fats), breaks down drugs and harmful substances, and packages up proteins for the Golgi apparatus.
The Assembly Line
of the Factory

14. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Endoplasmic reticulum –
Two types:
1. (RER) Rough endoplasmic reticulum – Dotted with ribosomes.
2. (SER) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – not covered with ribosomes.

15. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Ribosomes – Free floating or attached to ER.
Site of protein synthesis
These are the Employees of the Factory

16. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Golgi Apparatus - Makes and transports proteins and other materials out of the cell
Finishing and Packaging of the Factory - where products are processed and shipped out

17. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Mitochondria – “Powerhouse” of the cell.
Site of cellular respiration which produces energy (ATP) that can be used by the organism for life functions.
Cell’s Power Plant

18. Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells
Vacuole – One large central vacuole in plant cells, many smaller vacuoles in animal cells.
Storage of food, water, waste.
Cell’s Warehouse

19. Cell Structures Found Only In Animal Cells
Lysosome - small, round, with a membrane.
Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules
Digests old cell parts
“Garbage Truck” of the cell
The Custodians

20. Cell Structures Found Only In Plant Cells
Cell Wall - outer layer
Rigid, strong, stiff
Made of cellulose
Supports and protects the plant cell.
This is what Robert Hooke saw when he first looked at dead cork cells.

21. Cell Structures Found Only In Plant Cells
Chloroplasts - green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment).
Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis).