1. Cells
Unit 3

2. Cell Theory All living things are made of cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of life
*beginning unit is always a cell
3. All cells come from preexisting cells
organism
Organ
system
Organ
cells
tissue
Skin Cell
Muscle Cell
Muscle Cell
Skin Cell
Muscle Cell
Skin Cell

3. Shape & Function
Cells are specialized so they can perform different jobs. Function & shape are often related.

4. Cell Structure and Function
Cells vary in size, shape & function.
Smallest – bacteria cell Largest – Ostrich egg
Longest Cell – Neurons/nerve cells

5. 2 types of cells: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells - __________, no nucleus and no
___________________________ organelles.
Ex: ___________________________
Eukaryotic cells - ______________, have a DNA filled _____________ and membrane bound organelles.
Ex: __________________________
SIMPLE
MEMBRANE BOUND
BACTERIA
COMPLEX
NUCLEUS
PLANTS & ANIMAL CELLS

6. DNA CYTOPLASM RIBOSOMES
No matter what, all cells have
4 organelles in common:
_________________________________
CELL MEMBRANE
DNA
CYTOPLASM
RIBOSOMES

8. Prokaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic Cells

9. Prokaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic Cells
No membrane
bound organelles
Has a nucleus
Has DNA
Has membrane bound organelles
No nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
Ex: Plants & Animals
Ex: Bacteria
Ribosomes

10. Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells
Plant cells have ______________________
Plant cells have _______________________
Animal cells have _____________ for breaking down waste and _centrioles
that assist in cell division
CELL WALLS
CHLOROPLASTS
LARGER VACUOLE
LYSOSOME

12. ORGANELLE
An __________________is a tiny structure that performs a specialized function (or job) in the cell. Ex: nucleus, chloroplast, ribosome
Organelles are suspended in the _______________: jelly-like substance inside the cell where chemical reactions occur.
CYTOPLASM

13. Cell Wall Location: Plants, Fungi, some bacteria
Function: Rigid structure outside of cell membrane for extra support
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall

14. Cell Membrane Location: ALL CELLS!
Function: Controls what enters & leaves the cell; maintains homeostasis
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall

15. Vacuole Location: All eukaryotes, bigger in plants!
Function: Storage of food, water, and waste
Vacuole
Nucleus

16. Chloroplast Location: Plants only!
Function: Site of photosynthesis (production of glucose)

17. Mitochondria Location: Plants & Animals
Function: Produces ENERGY (ATP) for the cell. Has folded membrane for increased surface area.

18. Nucleus Location: All eukaryotic cells
Function: Holds the DNA (genetic info).
Nucleolus: Site of ribosome production.
DNA Nucleolus

19. Ribosomes Location: Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes! ALL CELLS!
Function: Site of protein synthesis (production)

20. Cell Adaptations
Pseudopod: extensions of cytoplasm that are used for movement & feeding
Eyespot: Organelle that detects light which is needed for chloroplasts to do photosynthesis.

21. Cell Adaptations
Contractile Vacuole: structure that helps remove excess water from the cell
Cilia: Short hair-like projections from the membrane that help the cell move

22. Cell Adaptations
Flagella: Long whip-like structure that extends from the cell membrane; helps the cell move. (usually one or two per cell)

23. Plant Cells vs Animal Cells
chloroplasts
nucleus
ribosomes
No cell wall
Membrane bound organelles
large central vacuole
cell membrane
cytoplasm
Small vacuoles
cell wall
mitochondria
eukaryotic

24. Microscopes Parts to Know Fine Adjustment H. Arm
Coarse Adjustment K. Base
G. Objectives B. Eyepiece/ocular lens
Answer Questions using Parts
Used to bring objects into focus on the low power
Used to carry the microscope
Turned to clear blurry pictures, used on high power
Calculating Total Magnification:
Multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens
Ocular = 10 x
Objective = 4x
4 x 10 = D
K, H A
40x