1. Alexandria

2. Alexander’s Campaign 334-323 BC Defeated Darius III of Persia
Falls apart
quickly
Importance of his campaign?

3. Foundation
331 BC
Location
Ptolemy

4. Layout Great Harbor Royal Quarter 90° angles; modern Library
Necropolis

5. The Pharos Built 200’s BC 393-450 ft tall Island Heptastadion
Lighting system

6. Ampharos
Amp + Pharos

7. 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
Pharos at Alexandria
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Colossus of Rhodes
Great Pyramid of Giza
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

8. Education & Study Museion (museum)
Philosophy, poetry, math, astronomy, geography, anatomy, languages, music
Archimedes, Euclid, Eratosthenes, Callimachus
Prominence in East

9. Library
500,000+ volumes of scrolls
Greek literature
Alexandrian Poets

10. Alexandria & Rome Caesar vs. Pompey & Senate – Civil War
Cleopatra & Ptolemy XIII – co-ruling
Greeks
Pompey’s assassination
Caesar vs. Ptolemy
Siege by Ptolemy

11. End of the Library At least partially burned during Caesar’s visit
Ships, dock, library
More fire in 3rd cent.
Pagan texts
Arabic conquest

12. Cleopatra VII Takes her chance with Caesar Caesarion Sosigenes
Octavian/Augustus
Goes to Rome with Caesar
Public knowledge
“Foreign queen”
March 15, 44 BC

13. Post-Shankery Cleopatra returns to Egypt as ruler
Octavian & Marc Antony team up to kill Caesar’s assassins
Battle from English II class?
Cleopatra helps Octavian & Antony

14. Antony & Cleopatra Antony gets her support while he wages wars
Three kids
Octavian vs. Antony – new civil war
Rome vs. Egypt
Battle of Actium – Sep. 2, 31 BC
Antony & Cleopatra commit suicide
Octavian becomes Augustus, the
first emperor of Rome – 27 BC

15. New Empire 1st century AD
Egypt – Breadbasket of empire
Personal property
of the emperor
Trade center
Clothes, silk, metals, tools,
glass, ivory, wine, oil,
rice, honey, wheat,
cinnamon, papyrus

16. Caesareum Started by Cleopatra Finished by Augustus
Cleopatra’s Needles

17. Mixed Demographics Ethnic Greeks in charge
Politically, administratively
Language
Economically
Population: Egyptians, Romans, Jews, Africans, Indians
Get jealous of the Greeks
Riots; imperial interventions
Does this still happen today?