1. Cells & Organelles

2. Cell Smallest unit of life
Can survive on its own or has potential to do so
Is highly organized for metabolism
Senses and responds to environment
Has potential to reproduce

4. Eukaryotic Cell Features
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Vesicles
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

5. Cytoplasm
Structure: Thick jellylike substance, 70% water, 30% proteins, fats, nucleic acids and mineral ions
Function: Medium for chemical reactions of the cell & holds all the organelles in place

6. Mitochondria Structure: Function:
Fluid filled cigar shaped with a double layer membrane
Inner layer is folded Folds are called cristae.
Function:
Aerobic or cellular respiration
“Powerhouse of the cell”
Where ATP (energy molecule) is made

7. Mitochondrion repeated foldings of inner membrane (cristae) outer
compartment
inner
compartment
outer membrane
inner membrane

8. Mitochondria

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure: Network of fluid-filled tubelike structures usually connected to the nuclear membrane.
Function: Transports proteins throughout the cell. “Subway of the cell”
Two types:
Rough
Rough is studded with ribosomes and is involved with making proteins.
Smooth
Smooth has no ribosomes and is involved with making lipids.

10. Ribosomes Structure: Function: Site of protein synthesis
Tiny spherical organelles usually attached to ER.
Sometimes free in the cytoplasm.
Function: Site of protein synthesis

11. Ribosomes on ER

12. Golgi Body
Structure: Sets of flattened, slightly curved sacs with small vesicles often on the ends.
Function:
process sugar side chains of proteins
sort and package products of the cell in vesicles for shipment to the cell membrane or other regions of the cell.

13. Golgi Body

14. Vacuoles Structure: Membrane bound fluid filled compartments
Function: Storage of food, water and minerals
Plants have large vacuoles

15. Large Vacuole in a Plant Cell

16. Ciliate With Food Vacuoles and Contractile Vacuole

17. Lysosomes
Structure: Small membrane bound spheres containing digestive chemicals
Function: Digestion and breakdown of molecules, dead cells and worn out cell parts

18. Cytoskeleton Function: Locomotion of cells Changes cell shape
Maintains cell structure
Contraction of skeletal muscle
-moves organelles through the cell’s interior (highway)
-moves genetic material in cell division

19. Actin Microfilaments

20. Cilia Structure: Large numbers of short hair-like structures.
Function: Locomotion of some unicellular organisms and locomotion of some specialized cells in multicellular organisms.

21. Flagella Structure: Long singular or paired hair like structures.
Function: Locomotion of some unicellular organisms and locomotion of some specialized cells in multicellular organisms.

22. Centrioles
Structure: Cylindrical structures made of 9 sets of microtubules arranged in a circle. Found in pairs near nucleus.
Function: Play a role in cellular reproduction.
Found in animal cells only

23. Credit: © Dr. Donald Fawcett/Visuals Unlimited
Pair of centrioles.

24. Nucleus
Structure: Double membrane bound central spherical organelle with pores in the membrane
Function:
Cell control center
Contains genetic information

25. Nucleus

26. Nucleolus Structure: Small spherical body in nucleus
Function: Makes ribosomes (which consist of RNA)

27. Nucleus With Nucleoli

28. Chloroplasts Structure: membrane bound fluid filled organelle.
Function:
Photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll (a pigment) that traps light
Found only in plant cells

29. Chloroplasts

30. Cell Wall
Structure: Rigid outer layer made of starch called cellulose. Located outside the cell membrane.
Function: Gives structure and shape to cells and provides support for land plants.
Found in plant, bacterial, and fungal cells.

31. Cell Wall

32. Cell Membrane Structure
Phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer with proteins on the surface and embedded in the bilayer.
Function:
Controls what enters and exits the cell

33. Plant vs. Animal Cells Plant cells have…. Chloroplasts Large vacuoles
Cell walls