1. Cell Structure and Function
NC Essential Standards
Structure and Functions of Living Organisms
Bio.1.1, Bio.1.2
Unit Topics
Cell Structure: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic, Plant cells vs. Animal cells, Organelle Structure and Function
Cell Function: Organelle Structure and Function, Cell Specialization and Communication, Homeostasis, The Cell Cycle
K. Nifong; 2013

2. Organization of Living Things
All living things are organized.
CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan SystemsOrganism
Why are cells so important?

3. The Cell Theory

4. The Cell Theory – 3 Parts! 1. Cells are the basic unit of life!
2. All organisms are made of cells!
Building The Cell Theory
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
Described cells in pond water looking through a simple microscope
Robert Hooke
Used compound microscope; studied cork and said it looked like cells
Schleiden and Schwann
All plants and animals are made of cells!
Rudolph Virchow
3. New cells only come from existing cells

5. Cell type comparisons

6. Major Cell Types
PROKARYOTIC
EUKARYOTIC

7. Major Cell Types No membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes Present
PROKARYOTIC
EUKARYOTIC
No membrane-bound organelles
Ribosomes Present
No Nucleus
Plasmids of circular DNA
Smaller
Simple
Mostly Unicellular
Ex. BACTERIA
Membrane-bound organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, etc.
Ribosomes present
Nucleus!!!
DNA in nucleus
Larger
Complex: Specialization!
Mostly Multicellular
Ex. PLANTS, ANIMALS, FUNGI, PROTISTS

8. Eukaryotic Cell Types

9. Eukaryotic Cell Types PLANT CELLS Chloroplasts Vacuoles – LARGE!
photosynthesis
Vacuoles – LARGE!
Store water, salts, etc.
Helps maintain structure of cell wall
Cell Wall
Provides structural support, rigid
ANIMAL CELLS
Do not have those 3 structures
Why not?
(*Animal cells/do have vacuoles – much smaller)