1. Cell Structure
The Microscope

2. Introduction Discovery of Micro-organisms Allows us to look at cells
Has lead to discoveries in many diseases
Light Microscope
Electron Microscope
Beams of Light
Beams of electrons
X 1500
X 500,000

3. The Light Microscope
You Must be able to label a microscope

4. Basic Cell Structure
Plant or Animal Cells???

5. Cell Ultra – Structure (Animal)

6. Cell Ultra – Structure (Plant)

7. Cell Membrane Phospholipids and and proteins bi-layer FUNCTIONS:
Controls movement of substances in & out of cell.
Production of anti-bodies
Support
Structure

8. Cell Wall

9. Cell Wall Only found in plant cells. Made by the cytoplasm.
Made of cellulose
Fully Permeable
Functions
Support
Protection
Middle Lamella:
A chemical material which 'glues' plant cells together.
It is produced during cell division.

10. The Nucleus The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. Structure
Nuclear membrane
Nuclear pores
Nucleoli - manufacture proteins
Chromosomes/chromatin

11. The Nucleus The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. Functions
Cell division - mitosis/meiosis
Protein synthesis
Controls activities of the cell

12. Mitochondria
Most are found in active cells like muscle cells, nerve cells etc…
Used in plant and animal cells for respiration.
Produces a large number of enzymes.
matrix
cristae

13. Chloroplasts Only found in plant cells Contain pigment chlorophyll
Used during photosynthesis to absorb sunlight

14. Ribosomes Produced by the nucleolus in the nucleus.
Tiny, but very numerous.
Either floating freely in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum.
Protein synthesis.
Sometimes they may be attached together in a group called a 'polysome'.

15. Centrioles Mainly found in animal cells.
Occur in pairs near the nucleus.
Function
Cell division

16. Vacuole Mainly in plant cells.
Found in some animal cells such as Amoeba.
Controls the water content of the cell.
Contains food/excretory products (sap)

17. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
cells that contain a nucleus bound by a nuclear membrane.
They also contain many membrane bound structures called organelles.

18. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus bound by a nuclear membrane.
Instead of having DNA fixed on chromosomes their genetic information is on a circular loop called a plasmid.
Example - bacteria cell.