1. CELLS

2. The Cell The basic unit of life Self-replicating Bound by a membrane
Contains biomolecules like DNA, proteins and sugars
Can exist as:
Single-celled organisms (e.g. bacteria, yeast)
Sub-unit in a multi-cellular organism (e.g. plants, animals)
Cells are specialized in their structure and function (e.g. brain cells, blood cells, etc)

3. Single-celled Organisms
Bacteria
Yeast
(a type of fungus)

4. Specialized Animal Cells
Red Blood Cells
Cheek Cells
Sperm and Egg Cells

5. Cell Theory
Cheek Cells
All living things are made up of one or more cells and the products of those cells.
Cells are the functional units of life.
All cells come from pre-existing ones.
Sperm and Egg Cells

6. Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Cheek Cells
Simple Cells
No nucleus
No organelles
More complex cells
Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
e.g. plant cells, animal cells, protists and fungi
e.g. bacteria

7. Organelles Little “organs” of cells Membrane-bound
Allow for cellular functions like:
DNA replication
cell division
excretion of wastes
Cheek Cells

8. ANIMAL CELL
Cheek Cells

9. PLANT CELL
Cheek Cells

10. CELL WALL protects the cell gives shape is made of cellulose
Cheek Cells
protects the cell
gives shape
is made of cellulose
A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria.

11. CELL MEMBRANE Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells
For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall
Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.
Cheek Cells

12. CYTOPLASM gelatin-like inside cell membrane constantly flows
Cheek Cells
gelatin-like inside cell membrane
constantly flows
aka protoplasm

13. CYTOSKELETON scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm
Cheek Cells
scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm
helps the cell maintain or change its shape
made of protein

14. NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities
Cheek Cells
Directs all cell activities
Contains instructions for everything the cell does
These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA
Usually the largest organelle

15. NUCLEOLUS
Cheek Cells
Aka “little nucleus”
Found in the nucleus

16. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Cheek Cells
Network of tubes or membranes
Carries materials through cell
Can be
Smooth (no granules on the surface – the granules are ribosomes)
Rough (granules on the surface)

17. RIBOSOME Small bodies free or attached to E.R.
Cheek Cells
Small bodies free or
attached to E.R.
Their function is to produce proteins

18. MITOCHONDRION Bean-shaped with inner membranes
Cheek Cells
Bean-shaped with inner membranes
Place where sugar molecules are broken down into energy
Cellular respiration

19. GOLGI BODIES Compartment in which proteins are sorted and modified
Cheek Cells
Compartment in which proteins are sorted and modified
Stack of membrane-bound vesicles which package substances to be transported around the cell

20. VACUOLES Fluid-filled sacs found in both plants and animals
Plants usually have few larger vacuoles
Animals usually have smaller vacuoles
Store food, water, waste
Plants need to store large amounts of food
Cheek Cells

21. LYSOSOMES Small, round structures with a membrane
Break down larger food molecules into smaller molecules
Digestion
Attack “foreign bodies”
Protection
Digest old cell parts
Not too common in plants
Cheek Cells

22. CHLOROPLASTS Green, oval structures found in plant cells
Cheek Cells
Green, oval structures found in plant cells
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
Place where energy from sun is utilized to make food for the plant
Photosynthesis