1. Religion

2. Religion Against Pro America founded as Christian nation
Free Exercise of Religion
Trample on religious rights
Expression of faith
Personal Identity
Separation of Church and state
Establishes religious doctrinarian
No real choice
Other religions not supported
Peer Pressure if not taking part

3. Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
Pennsylvania and Rhode Island had statues providing the state to pay for aspects of non-secular, non-public education
People sued on establishment clause grounds
Statute ruled unconstitutional and added three pronged test
Have secular purpose
Primary effects that neither advances nor inhibits religion
Not foster an excessive government “entanglement” with religion

4. Agostini v. Felton (1997)
Prohibited public school teachers from teaching in parochial schools
Court ruled constitutional saying teachers who have taught at both wont necessarily promote religion

5. Zelman v Simmons-Harris (2002)
Ohio had tuition aid program in form of vouchers, for private schools wither religious or not
82% of private schools religious
And 96% of students with vouchers went to religious private schools
Ruled constitutional because the law sought to increase education opportunity and parents picked the schools

6. Engel v. Vitale (1962)
School board authorized short voluntary prayer for recitation at the start of each school day
Ruled unconstitutional, by providing prayer they officially approve religion

7. School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp (1963)
Students in Pennsylvania public schools required to read 10 bible versus at the beginning of each day
Then school officials led students in prayer
Ruled unconstitutional on both free exercise and establishment classes

8. Lee v. Weisman (1992)
Rabbi Spoke at a Rhode Island school Graduation ceremony, where prayers were led
Ruled unconstitutional saying government involvement creates “an state sponsored and state directed religious exercise in a public school”

9. Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
Student led prayer at home football games
Ruled unconstitutional because they took place on government property at school sponsored events
Such speech hence not “private”

10. Edwards v. Aguillard (1987)
Louisiana law entitled the “balanced treatment for creation- science and evolution-science in public schools
Ruled unconstitutional Using tree pronged test the law failed, law created to advance “supernatural being created humankind”

11. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
Wisconsin law required all children to attend public school until age 16
Ruled unconstitutional that individuals free exercise interest limited state’s interest, thus requiring it only until 8th grade

12. Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores (2012)
Hobby Lobby refused to provide contraceptives to employees required under the Affordable Care Act
Ruled that the law could not require the same of religious corporations and that it only applied to contraceptive mandate and not the whole law

13. Employment Division v. Smith (1988)
Two native Americans ingested peyote as part of their religious ceremonies
Both were fired for this and denied unemployment
Ruled constitutional, court held that individuals religious beliefs don’t excuse them from compliance with an otherwise valid law

14. National Laws 1st Amendment- Free Exercise Clause
1st Amendment- Establishment Clause
Equal Access Act religious groups(student groups) could use public school facilities
Religious Freedom Restoration act- law cant interfere with religious practice unless “compelling interest”
Churches Not Taxed

15. State Laws advancing Religion
Discrimination legal on religious grounds
Limits on Abortion
School Prayer “secular”
Protection for coaches leading prayer
Parent have right to refuse procedures on religious grounds

16. State limiting Religion
Hate laws prevent religious discrimination and discrimination on legal grounds
Laws not limiting abortion
If parent refuses procedure that would have save child’s life, and the child dies. Parents can be charged with manslaughter