1. Chapter 6 : The Rise of Ancient Greece
Sections 1 and 2

2. Greece’s Geo. Setting 1/5 made up of peninsulas and islands
Main ideas (some are details but good to know)
made up of peninsulas and islands
mountains= major landform
1/5 of Greece good for crop
Made Greece become traders and sailors
Greeks all islanders
some people lived on land islands and were separated by mountains from other communities.. Hard to connect
communities thought of themselves as countries
had own custom and beliefs.. Easily would fight to protect themselves and thought they were awesome
most communities had same heritage, same language and same gods.
1/5

3. Minoan civilization (3000-1100 b.c)
Main ideas (some supporting details but good to know
Lived on island of Crete
Had broad sea trade network in Aegean and Mediterranean sea with Greece and Greek islands, Egypt and Sicily.
vibrant culture
grand palace with indoor plumbing system in Knossos
Greek settlers arrived in Crete around 6000 B.C
Growth and prosperity= sea and land
constructed a large naval merchant fleet of ships

4. Minoan civilization (3000-1100 b.c)
Had broad sea trade network in Aegean and Mediterranean sea with Greece and Greek islands, Egypt and Sicily.
vibrant culture
grand palace with indoor plumbing system in Knossos
Greek settlers arrived in Crete around 6000 B.C
Growth and prosperity= sea and land
constructed a large naval merchant fleet of ships
Excellent farmers

5. Mycenaean's 1400 B.C, controlled Aegean and Mediterranean seas
wrote and spoke Greek
relied on conquest to spread power
Peloponnesus Peninsula= Mycenaeans
developing culture and expanding when Minoans were weak
built strong fleet of ships to capture trade routes and establish flourishing colonies.
craftsmen of weapons jewelry, jewelry, and other form IMPORTED materials
famous for bronze work
Mycenaeans became weak to Dorians except Athens because of supply of water secret in the Acropolis
Dorians= uncivilized and farmed instead of traded and didn’t write so trading and reading stopped for awhile creating the dark age
stuff kept alive by mouth
Ionia region got trade back up again
soon written language came back
Homer (talk about later)
Ilad and Odyssey and Trojan War (talk later) Dark age (expand on later)

6. Dark Age reading, writing or trade concerned of survival
After Trojan War, civilization collapsed no
reading, writing or trade
concerned of survival
Lived in poverty
families started moving to places good for farming
period ended around 800 B. C.
this is when Homer wrote the epics

7. The Evolution of Greece’s Government and the Government of Athens
first, city states developed
first, military leaders rule, then aristocrats came to power
as Greeks trade olive oil, marble,etc. they became richer
Then middle class developed of merchants and artisans who wanted say in government
then, tyrants became in control.
after that, tyrants were overthrown by the people
then democracy formed
mostly expressed by Athens
Solon became Athens ruler and was fair
one law canceled all debts
male citizen can debate important laws
Athens=leading democracy ancient wise
to be citizen man had to have Athenian mom and dad (girls couldn’t be citizens)
Weren't allowed a say in government but man citizen was free and self-governing
one in five were actually Athens citizens.

8. Iliad
(for more about the actual story look at the worksheet The Story of the Iliad and Odyssey)
an epic
credited to Homer
told about Trojan War
taught Greeks what their gods were and how the noblest of their heroes behaved

9. The Odyssey (get more info form worksheet) about Trojan war
about Odysseseus and his adventures at war and his travels
written by Homer
talks about a noble hero

10. a myth that tells the struggle between Greece and the city of Troy on the West coast of the Asia Minor in present day turkey
Greeks conquered Troy by using a Trojan Horse
Greeks hid in horse and rolled it to the Troy gates
They thought it was a gift and brought it inside
The Greek soldiers climbed out of the horse at night and let the rest of the army in
The Greeks burned and looted Troy and left
War
Trojan

11. Homer
He was the Greek’s symbol of poetry and eloquence. He was supposedly a blind bard, wandering storyteller who had the ability to dramatize a narrative. He was credited for writing the stories the Iliad and Odyssey, both stories about
the Trojan war.

12. Solon
In, 594 B.C., Athenian leader won power to reform the laws (Solon)
Known for fairness
Laws reformed economy and fairness
One of his first laws canceled all laws and citizens were free of their debts
Also allowed any male citizen 18 or older to debate important laws
Made Athens the leading democracy of the world
But made hard to be a citizen.. Had to be a male who had a mad and dad who are Athenian
KEY THING: Athenian leader

13. Golden Age of Greece (479-431 B.C.)
Athens were rich from trade and silver mined
Also made achievements in arts, philosophy, literature, and democracy
Pericles made achievements (next slide)
Created Parthenon during this time
Government was strengthened, etc.

14. Pericles Athens leader
during golden age, most powerful man in Athenian politics
persuasive
aristocratic family
introduced reforms that strengthened government
IMPORTANT HAD THE CITY PAY A SALERY TO ITS OFFICIALS=poor citizens could be in public office
Parthenon was created during his reign

15. Greek Religious Beliefs
worshiped the Twelve Olympians
honored them with care and didn’t anger the gods
wherever lived built temple
gods also had human form but were immortal
each city-state worshiped certain god
From mythology, it tells us Greeks worshiped gods led by Zeus
from Mt.Olympus, Zeus ruled the gods.
Greeks also worshipped mythical heroes like Achilles from the book Iliad
honored gods by holding festivals
To honor Zeus, came together for Olympian festival (made the Olympics)
looked for god for advice or the future using oracles
this advice could come through dream, in a riddle, through priest, etc.
oracles had great impact on Greek history=advice taken seriously
various of gods oracles located everywhere
Heads of state got advice on governing and war from oracle Apollo so really affected Greek culture
A Family of God s
Zeus
Ruler of all gods and Humanity
Hera
Goddess of marriage and childbirth
Apollo
God of music, poetry
Artemis
Goddess of hunting
Athena
Goddess of wisdom and water
Ares
God of war
Aphrodite
Goddess of love
Hermes
Messenger of the gods
Poseidon
God of earthquakes and oceans
Demeter
Goddess of fertility

16. SOCRATES Sturdy, round faced
at the Athens market all hours happy to see everyone
discussed wisdom and goodness
wanted people to consider the true meaning of qualities like justice and courage
He asked questions that made people think of their beliefs and got mad because Socrates told them when wrong
Motto: Know Thyself
found guilty of dishonoring gods and forced to drink a poison hemlock
*not part of Socrates but Democritus was philosopher and though everything was made of atoms and Thales thought everything was made of water

17. Plato writings he wrote told about Socrates, his teacher
mistrusted democracy
the Republic that Plato wrote said society should be in three groups: workers, soldiers, and philosopher-rulers
founded school in Athens called The Academy, and taught Aristotle

18. Aristotle Student of Plato
Believed that reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge
Later founded his own school, the Lyceum

19. Greek Architecture
Acropolis=destroyed so Pericles decided to shape it up
Parthenon=best piece
mad of fine marble with rows of columns on all sides. Within columns, was a statue of Athena made of wood, ivory gold that stood 40 ft. high. Now statue is in pieces
many scenes in Parthenon have three characteristics: full of action, artist carefully arranged figures to show balance and order, and sculptures are life-like and accurate
Parthenon= for Athena

20. Words to Know
Sec. 1
Peninsula- an area of land nearly surrounded by water
Epic- a long poem that tells a story
Acropolis- a high, rocky hill where early people built cities
City-state- a city with its own traditions. Government and laws; both a city and a separate independent state
aristocrat- a member of a rich and powerful family
tyrant- a ruler who takes power with the support of the middle and working classes
democracy- a form of government in which citizens govern themselves
Sec.2
Immortal- someone or something that lives forever
Tribute- a payment made by a less powerful state or nation to a more powerful on
Oracle- in ancient Greece, a sacred site used to consult a god or goddess; any priest or priestess who spoke for the gods
Philosopher- someone who used reason to understand the world; in the Greece the earliest philosophers used reason to explain natural events
Tragedy- a type of serious drama that ends in disaster for the main character