1. Absolutism

2. Spain
Objective: Discuss and analyze the golden age and decline of Spain as a power.
Key Terms and People: Hapsburg, absolute monarch, divine right, Charles V, Peace of Augsburg, Philip II, El Greco, Diego Velázquez, Miguel de Cervantes, Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz, Spanish Armada
Reading Focus: What challenges did King Charles I face when he became Emperor Charles V? What were some artistic achievements of Spain’s golden age? How did Spain rise and then decline under Philip II?

3. Absolutism
Hapsburg-powerful ruling family in Europe. Spain, Italy, Germany, and eventually France.
Absolute monarch—a ruler with unlimited power. Does not have to consult with the nobles, common people, or their representatives.
Divine right-received their power from God and therefore must not be challenged.

4. Absolute Monarch

5. Spanish Absolutism Charles I/Charles V: mo money, mo problems
Became king at 16,
Spain becomes wealthy from all the silver and gold from colonies.
Holy Roman Emperor (bought votes)
Had land in Belgium, Netherland, colonies in Americas, Italy, Austria and Germany (sooo basically super powerful).
Dealing with fighting on all sides of his European territories. Costs lots of $$$.
Also fighting a religious war (remember Protestant Reformation, declared Luther an outlaw, implemented Spanish Inquisition

6. Spanish Absolutism How does he solve his problems?:
Peace of Augsburg-compromise in Germany where Princes could choose between Lutheran and Catholic (remember we did this already).
Gave up his throne; spilt between his brother and son, Phillip II (married Mary I of England).

7. Spanish Absolutism
Under Phillip II, Spain has Golden Age artistic achievement:
El Greco-Greek painter living in Spain; religious themes; dark and moody; elongated figures.
Diego Velazquez-court painter
Miguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote de la Mancha
Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz-writes about women’s right to equal education; criticized by the Church.

11. Spanish Absolutism Spain’s downfall under Phillip II:
Decades of religious wars.
Spanish Armada- naval defeat against England
Micromanaged government.
Bankrupt four times.
Inflation
Lack of industry

12. Wrap Up
What challenges did King Charles I face when he became Emperor Charles V?
What were some artistic achievements of Spain’s golden age?
How did Spain rise and then decline under Philip II?

13. Monarchs in England