1. WARM UP: What do you know about Ancient Greece?

2. Balkan Peninsula

3. The Rise of Greek City-States

4. Geography of Greece Part of Balkan peninsula Rugged coastline
Hundreds of rocky islands
Mountainous-
Divided people into isolated valleys
Many small city-states

5. Effects of the Sea
Both the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas linked Greece to the outside world
Many safe harbors
Skilled sailors
Trade possibilities

6. City-states- The Polis
The mountainous terrain created small separate city-states
Acropolis-High City
Examples:
Sparta
Athens

7. Early Governments of the City-States
Monarchy
king has central power
Aristocracy
rule by a few landholders
Oligarchy
rule by small business class

8. City-State: Sparta Government: Monarchy
Militaristic city-state of ancient Greece
Turned conquered people into helots, Slaves.
Sickly children were abandoned to die

9. Citizens of Sparta
Native born males over the age of 30 were the only ones considered to be citizens

10. Life as a Spartan Girls Boys Rigorous upbringing
Only job was to have healthy children and maintain the house
Could inherit property
Boys
Military training for boys began at age 7 to age 30
Rigid discipline
Hard exercise

11. Spartan Military tactics
Iron weapons replaces bronze weapons
Creation of the Phalanx
massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
Sense of unity among citizen-soldiers

12. City-State: Athens Government: a Limited Democracy
government ruled by the people
                                                                                               

13. Citizens of Athens Only male citizens could participate in government
Many Athenians were slaves

14. Women of Athens No share in public life Women must be guided by men
Women were protected from the outside world

15. SPARTA Limited Democracy Laws passed by assembly
ATHENS
Limited Democracy
Laws passed by assembly
Only Male Citizens in the Assembly
Trade with other City-States
Education for the boys
Women were inferior
Common language
Shared Heroes
Olympic Games
Same gods and Religious Beliefs
SPARTA
Monarchy with two kings
Military Society
Trade and Travel Not allowed
Military Training for all Boys
Girls trained to be mothers of soldiers
Women obeyed Men
Women could own property

16. The Golden Age of Greece

17. Athens in the Age of Pericles
460 – 429 BC – A Golden Age
Direct democracy – large number of males citizens took part in government
The Funeral Oration – Pericles praised Athenian government

18. Funeral Oration of Pericles
“We alone regard a man who takes no interest in public affairs, not as a harmless but as a useless character.”

19. The Glory That Was Greece

20. “Lovers of Wisdom”
Thinkers who use observation and reason to reach conclusions

21. Greek philosophers explored:
Mathematics
Physics
Music
Logic
Ethics (moral behavior)

22. Sophists of Athens Used “rhetoric” to make their points
The art of skillful speaking

23. Socrates Always questioning Socratic method
Accused of failing to respect the gods and corrupting youth
Sentenced to death by poison

24. Set up The Academy
Importance of reason
The Republic – an ideal state
The state should regulate everything
Three Classes
Workers
Soldiers
philosophers

25. Aristotle Student of Plato Favored rule by a single ruler
Told people to follow a moderate course
Lyceum – school to study all branches of knowledge
Aristotle

26. Greek Architecture
Tried to convey a sense of perfect balance

27. Greek Sculpture
Work was realistic, but idealistic

29. Poetry Epics of Homer Sappho - love and beauty of island
Pindar celebrated athletes’ victories
Poetry

30. Based on popular myths and legends
Greek Drama
Honored Dionysus – god of fertility and wine
Performed outdoors in amphitheater
Actors wore masks
Choruses chanted
Based on popular myths and legends

31. Tragedies Aeschylus – tales of the Trojan War
Stories of human suffering
Tragedies
Aeschylus – tales of the Trojan War
Sophocles – Antigone – duty to gods greater than human
Euripides – people were cause of human suffering

32. Humorous plays that mocked
Comedies
Humorous plays that mocked
People or customs
Lysistrata by Aristophanes
Women of Athens force husbands to stop war against Sparta

33. History Herodotus – “Father of History” Traveler
History of Persian Wars
Thucydides
Wrote history of Peloponnesian War

34. THE END OF AN AGE Peloponnesian War Fought between Sparta and Athens.
Sparta was jealous of Athens rise to fame and power as a result of the PERSIAN War.
SPARTA DEFEATS ATHENS!
Both City-States struggle to regain glory after the war.

35. ALEXANDER THE GREAT Conquests
Puts down a rebellion at THEBES (Greece)
PERSIA miles (from Egypt to Indus)
Crossed Granicus River
Southward into EGYPT
Captured Babylon (331 B.C.)
Went as far east as Indus River (INDIA)
His soldiers stopped fighting

36. Blending of Cultures Spread of Greek culture
Founded over 70 cities – Alexandria
Encouraged his soldiers to intermarry
Hellenism – blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, Indian cultures

38. Hellenistic Civilization
Blending of Cultures

39. Aristarchus, c. 300 BC Sin 3 degrees = 20, soooo
The SUN is 20x further away from the earth
than the MOON, must be MUCH heavier
SOOOOO, Heliocentric theory

40. Hellenistic mathematician, geographer and astronomer.
Eratosthenes (276 BC BC)
Hellenistic mathematician, geographer and astronomer.

41. Archimedes – principles of physics
Lever and pulley – “Give me a lever long enough and a place to stand, and I will move the world.”
Displacement of water to find volume

42. Pythagoras

43. Euclid – modern geometry

44. XIV. Greek Medicine Hippocrates = Father of Scientific Medicine
Four “humors” (fluids) in the human body: blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile
Physician should base his knowledge on careful observation of patients and their response to remedies