1. Ancient Indus River Valley Civilizations
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2. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Early Indus River Valley Civilizations
Isolated from rest of Asia by mountains and ocean
Himalayas and Hindu Kush
Indian, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea
Crops depend on summer monsoon
Rich soil allowed early farmers to grow wheat and other grains, surplus allowed population to grow
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3. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Early Indus River Valley Civilizations
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Drainage Systems
Blocks and streets
Citadel
Canals
Trade as far as Mesopotamia
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5. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa Activity

6. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Aryans
Meaning “Noble or Highborn”
Chariots
Assimilation
Develops in North Indus Valley, spreads East along Ganges
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7. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Aryans
Four Classes (Caste System)
Brahmans-priests
Warriors and Nobles
Artisans and Merchants
Farmers, Laborers, Servants
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8. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Hinduism
Developed as Aryan culture mixed with native Indian
One of the oldest “living” religions
No single founder, many religious thinkers
Hundreds of gods and goddesses
Do believe in brahaman: one single spiritual power which lives in everything
Brahama (creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer)
Avatar – representation of a god/goddess in human or animal form
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9. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Hinduism
Reincarnation- rebirth of the soul
Every living thing has a soul
Good behavior rewarded, bad punished in the next incarnation
Perfect life= become one with Brahman and end reincarnation cycle
Dharma- Religious or moral duties of each person. Duties depend on class.
Ahimsa- The Hindu practice of non-violence
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10. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Buddhism
Origin- Siddhartha Guatama
Young Hindu Prince
Grew up in palace with no suffering
When 30yrs old, traveled outside and saw suffering and death
Gave up wealth and began search to find cause of human suffering
Studied with Hindu philosophers, but not satisfied
Fasted and Meditated for 49 days
Spent the next 45 years traveled over Indus/Ganges Valley
Followers called him the Buddha “Enlightened One”
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11. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Buddhism
Buddha’s Teachings
The Middle Way or Eightfold Path
Nirvana- meaning lasting peace
Achieved if people followed the Middle Way
All people are equal, anyone can achieve Nirvana regardless of class.*** Very Important***
Buddhism spread throughout India and all of Asia
Missionaries to China – spread then to Korea, Japan, Tibet, Vietnam
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12. Graphic Organizer
Hinduism
Buddhism

13. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Mauryan Empire
Chandragupta
Unified the small warring states through military might in 321 B.C.
Empire extended over most of Northern and Central India
Absolute Rule
Huge Army
Wealth from Farming and Trade
Became paranoid
Died as a monk in Southern India
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14. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Mauryan Empire
Chandragupta’s Legacy
Wealth for all of Empire
Irrigation
Roads for trading
Order and Peace to region
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15. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Mauryan Empire
Asoka
Chand’s grandson
Expanded Empire to include most of the subcontinent
Very involved
Battle of Kalinga 261 B.C.
Battle of Kalinga
Major turning point in Asoka’s life.
100,000 Kalinga civilians and 10,000 Asoka’s army dead
“Your actions have taken from me my father, husband and son, now what will I have left to live for?”
Gave up war and violence
Converted to Buddhism
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16. Ancient Indian Civilizations
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17. Ancient Indian Civilizations
“What have I done? If this is a victory, what is defeat then? Is this a victory aor a difeat? Is this justic on inhustice? Is it gallantry or a rout? Is it vallor to kill innocent children and women? Do I do it to widen the empire abd for prosperity or to destroy the other’s kingdom and splendor?
One has lost her husband, someone else a father, someone a child, someone an unborn infant… What’s this debris of the corpses? Are these marks of victory or defeat? Are thses vultures, crows, eagles the messengers of death or evil?” -Asoka after the Battle of Kalinga
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18. Ancient Indian Civilizations
Big Ideas
Supporting Details
Mauyan Empire
“The New” Asoka
Spread Buddhism through empire and abroad (China, Egypt, Greece)
Wrote laws protecting people and animals
Improved infrastructure
Wells
Hospitals
Universities
Further united India
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