1. LUCAS User Needs

2. Assessment 2014 – 2015 Updating 2013 user needs
Bilateral meetings with each DG
Detailed questionnaires:
General user needs
Legal references
Classification for statistical tables
Classification for in-situ data & all LUCAS in-situ elements

3. LUCAS data
Acknowledgement: PNOA © INSTITUTO GEOGRÁFICO NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA — Xunta de Galicia

4. LUCAS user needs – general
Statistical tables
In-situ data

5. LUCAS user needs – statistical tables classification

6. LUCAS user needs – in-situ classifications and other elements
All elements:
LC, LU, forest types, specific modules, management, photos…

7. LUCAS user needs - assessment
Current use:
All data is used (except some detailed crops)
NUTS 2 or 3
Several models use LUCAS data: CAPRI, LUISA, ESTIMAP
Ground truth data for Copernicus
Different indicators are produced
Future needs:
Specific in-situ modules: soil, grassland/transects
COPERNICUS: fine-tuning

9. How is the data used?
Indicators
Copernicus
Modelling
 Policies

10. Indicator sets EEA Core Set Indicators (CSI)
Streamlining European Biodiversity Indicators (SEBI)
Common monitoring and Evaluation Framework Indicators - post 2013 (CMEF)
Agri-environmental indicators (AEI)
Resource Efficient Europe (REE)
Land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF)
Climate Change Indicators (CLIM)

11. Harmonised information for monitoring the environment
COPERNICUS
 The European Earth Observation Programme
Harmonised information for monitoring the environment
6 thematic areas: land, marine, atmosphere, climate
change, emergency and security
Spatial information for a wide variety of policy areas
Environment protection, management of urban areas, regional and local planning, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, health, transport, climate change, sustainable development, civil protection and tourism.
The European Earth Observation Programme

12. COPERNICUS CLC & HRL
Clockwise: a) Imperviousness density; b) Tree Cover density; c) Integrated High Resolution Layers (Imperviousness, Forest Type, Grassland, Wetland and Water; d) CORINE Land Cover

13. COPERNICUS HRL and LUCAS
Supervised classification of satellite images:
- complex decision rules and possibly time series
Verification by national teams:
- visual inspection using reference data
- estimation of errors (omission, commission)
LUCAS data as reference: harmonised European wide
data, harmonised timing

14. Modelling for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
CAP environmental concerns
Reducing environmental degradation
Enhancing sustainability
 Check the efficiency of measures
CAPRI = Common Agricultural Policy Regionalised Impact model
Organic carbon
Soil erosion

15. CAPRI modelling
Assessing Common Agricultural Policy and trade policies
Core module: supply and market
 greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient emissions, farm income … at regional level.
CAPRI land model: disaggregation to grid cells using explanatory variables (land cover and soil quality, climate, topography)
 Use in further models, link with environmental conditions (watershed, nitrate vulnerable zones)
 SCENARIOS

16. Nitrogen input to agricultural soils in EU-27 for 2002
 disaggregation of regional data obtained by the core CAPRI model

17. The results of the previous map is used to feed into a meta-model for N2O emissions from agricultural soils and
combining this with other agricultural N2O sources (manure management) which have also been
disaggregated and non-agricultural sources (forests, energy, …) obtained from other data bases
(INTEGRATOR model, EDGAR).
Nitrogen budgets
Currently reported at MS level
For policy making, a higher resolution, matching with legislative and environmental boundaries (nitrate vulnerable zones, watershed) rather than administrative boundaries (country) is required.
Currently explored: CAPRI regional N-budget, to be disaggregated with the help of additional information (LUCAS data …)

18. Organic Carbon in topsoil
… based on LUCAS Topsoil Database
Regression, using covariates
Land cover, elevation, slope, soil texture, temperature, ratio of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, geology, net primary productivity, latitude and longitude
Adjusted R2: 0.46, RMSE 79.3, norm. RMSE 13.5%
Copyright: European Union, 2013
Contact:

19. Soil erosion 5 factors for modeling erosion:
Rainfall erosivity, Soil Erodibility, Land Cover, Topography and management practices.
Panagos, P., Meusburger, K., Ballabio, C., Borrelli, P., Alewell, C.  Soil erodibility in Europe: A high-resolution dataset based on LUCAS. Science of Total Environment, 479–480 (2014) pp. 189–200.
 soil erodibility based on LUCAS soil data (texture, organic carbon)

20. EU Policies Environmental policies Climate change policies
Agricultural policies
Regional and urban policies
 Detailed references

21. Environmental Policies
7th Environmental Action Program
(Decision no. 1386/2013/EU)
Living well within the limits of our planet:
1) Natural capital
2) Resource efficiency
5) Increased information
8) Sustainable cities
Reference to Biodiversity Strategy 2020 (COM(2011) 244)
Reference to Union Forest Strategy (COM(2013) 659)
Reference to Green Infrastructure (COM(2013) 249)
Biodiversity Strategy 2020 (COM(2011) 244)
Target 2 - Maintain and restore ecosystems and their services
Target 2 - Action 5 (Improve knowledge of ecosystems and their services in the EU)
Target 2 - Action 7 (Ensure no net loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services)
Target 3 - Increase the contribution of agriculture and forestry to maintaining and enhancing biodiversity
Target 5 - Combat invasive alien species
Union Forest Strategy (COM(2013) 659)
Guiding principles: - Sustainable forest management and the multifunctional role of forests, delivering multiple goods and services in a balanced way and ensuring forest protection; - Resource efficiency, optimising the contribution of forests and the forest sector to rural development, growth and job creation. - Global forest responsibility, promoting sustainable production and consumption of forest products.

22. Green Infrastructure
(COM(2013) 249)
Integrating GI into the key policy areas The need for consistent, reliable data Improving the knowledge base and encouraging innovation
European Parliament resolution of 12 December on Green Infrastructure – Enhancing Europe’s Natural Capital (2013/2663(RSP))
1. Welcomes the communication on green infrastructure and the Commission’s intention to actively pursue the objectives set out therein; 2. Recognises the key importance of green infrastructure in effectively protecting Europe’s natural capital, conserving natural habitats and species and maintaining the good ecological status of water bodies; 3. Stresses the contribution which green infrastructure can make to the Union’s multiple 2020 objectives, and highlights the urgency of its deployment and its integration into the tools to implement the Multiannual Financial Framework, in order to contribute effectively to the achievement of Union biodiversity targets; 4. Recognises that the deployment of green infrastructure will help the Union reach its international commitments under the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity ; 5. Welcomes the innovative approach of green infrastructure, which offers cost-effectiveness, through multiple benefits and solutions, which can reconcile environmental, social and economic objectives
Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection
(COM(2006) 231)
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the regions: Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection (COM(2006) 231)
Communication on "Land as a resource" (expected for 2015)
Land as a resource, landscape part of cultural heritage, land use efficiency, soil sealing, urban sprawl, land take????
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora
Habitat Directive
Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds
Birds Directive (codified version of Directive 79/409/EEC as amended)
State and outlook of the European Environment (EEA)
COPERNICUS Land Monitoring
Ground truth data for modelling, validation and quality assessment Reg. 377/2014

23. Climate Change Policies
Accounting rules on greenhouse gas emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to land use, land-use change and forestry and on information concerning actions relating to those activities (Decision No 529/2013/EU)
Improving quality of data (preamble 8)
Protection of biomass carbon pool
Protection of soil carbon pool
Land Use, Land use Change and forestry matrix
Modelling for:
Enhance C sequestration; characterize grass in feed for GHG quantification; quantify nutrient flows in grasslands
Quantify CO2 and N2O emissions from cultivated histosols
Provide data for better quantification of nutrient flows in agri-systems; resource efficiency; model parameterization for CAP policy analysis etc.
Renewable Energy Directive (Directive 2009/28/EC )
Calculate default GHG emissions from cultivation of biofuel feedstock, land use change caused by biofuel feedstock cultivation
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol (European Union is a signataire)
Reducing greenhouse-gas emissions

24. CAP and Regional Policies
Common Agricultural Policy
Sustainable management of natural resources and climate action:
General Objective of the CAP - Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013, Article 110(2).
Good environmental condition:
GAEC (Standards for good agricultural and environmental condition of land), Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013, Art. 93, Annex II RULES ON CROSS-COMPLIANCE PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 93
Monitor and evaluation framework - Context Indicators, Impact Indicators, Result Indicator - Pillar I
Monitoring and evaluation framework covering the whole CAP has been set up under Article 110 of Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013;
For Impact and Result indicators Pillar I: COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 834/2014
For Context indicators: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 808/2014.
Good soil conditions
Art. 5, Priority (4) restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry, with a focus on the following areas: ((c) preventing soil erosion and improving soil management, Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013
Assessment of emissions from organic soils (2030 Framework for climate and energy and Kyoto CP2 obligations
Art. 5, Priority (5) promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift towards a low carbon and climate resilient economy in agriculture, food and forestry sectors, with a focus on the following areas, (d) reducing greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from agriculture; (e) fostering carbon conservation and sequestration in agriculture and forestry; Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013
Provide environmental public goods
Specific objective of the CAP – Pillar I Provide environmental public goods: Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 and Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013
Urban and regional policies
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions
Sixth report on economic, social and territorial cohesion: investment for jobs and growth
Industrial development
Degree of urbanisation
Commerce and market evaluation

25. Land cover and land use data for EU policies
Land cover and land use data is a need
… and an obligation to provide a sound basis for EU policies.
7 EAP: increased information
Harmonisation/comparability are essential characteristics of the data.