1. West Africa

2. DO NOW Take a map from the easel board
Draw the United States in the continent of Africa
This is what YOU think

3. DO NOW Friday April 7th
Put your Africa packet & chapter 11 iMovie rubric paper in the bin
In your notebook, on a clean page, write 3 truths and 1 lie about facts from chapter 12.
You will write 4 statements/facts and 1 has to be false in some way. Make it challenging because other students are going to have to figure out which one is false!

4. Children’s Book walk
Go to at least 4 different children’s books and write what they did well, what they might have been missing, and what you learned.

5. How big is Africa?

6. Political vs. Physical
Today you are going create and color two maps and do the Africa Geography Challenge!
Political maps - this packet can be identified with a red heart
You ONLY need to identify the countries, don’t worry about the capitals
Color the countries LIGHTLY with a colored pencil, countries next to each other cannot be the same color.
Physical maps - this packet can be identified with a blue star
You need to make a key with key physical features that you will find on the maps in the packet
Your job is to use the maps in the packets to complete the two maps on your handouts.
You may separate the papers in the packet, but it is your responsibility to get the stapler or a paper clip and put them back together
Once finished the two maps you need to work on the Geography Challenge. If you do not finish it is your homework.

7. Salt vs. Gold DO NOW: Which do you think has more value, salt or gold?
Why?

8. Salt
Think about the following questions while watching the video:
Why is salt so valuable?
What are the needs for salt?
Why do you need salt in your life?
Did you ever think about the value of salt prior to this video?

9. Salt and Gold Trading If you have… Ace - you are a Taghaza Salt Miner
Stand by my desk
King - you are a Ghana official
Stand in the middle of the room, next to the Ghana Officials sign
Black numbers - North African trader
Line up in the front. You will need to sit on the floor and can only move by crawling. keep three of your salt tokens and make sure you have one gold coin
Red numbers - Wangaran gold miner
Stand in line across back
All students need to make sure your title goes onto your back with the tape

10. Salt and Gold Trading
You are going to play a game that will demonstrate how trading was conducted between North African traders and Wangaran gold miners.
You are competing against each other as individuals.
Winner will be the North African trader who ends the game with the most gold tokens and Wangaran gold miner with the most salt tokens.

11. Rules and How to Play…
**If you can’t distinguish the clap, then whisper your name as you clap.
**Taghaza salt miners, you may write a “receipt” for salt issued that traders must show to the Ghana officials for tax purposes as the traders travel. This will prevent any “smuggling” through Ghana
You can make counteroffers.
-North African trader, if you aren’t satisfied with the Wangaran’s first offer… leave the gold and salt.
-Wangaran, if the gold and salt are still there, you can … add more hold tokens or leave the same number of gold tokens.
- North African trader, if you aren’t satisfied with the Wangaran’s counteroffer .... take your salt, leave the gold, and find another Wangaran with whom to trade.
North African traders you want to return to Taghaza for more salt tokens if they run out. However, you must pay one gold token to Ghana for every three salt tokens they transport through Ghana, and they cannot redeem more tokens than they originally had.
North African traders you will crawl across the Sahara Desert.
DURING THE TRADE THERE IS ABSOLUTELY NO TALKING ....
North African traders when you reach Ghana, give one gold token to a Ghana official, then you may walk to Wangara and find a Wangaran gold miner to trade salt for gold with.
Wangaran miners, you must have your back turned to the North African trader.
North African trader you will place one or more of your salt tokens on the paper. Clap and turn around.
Wangaran gold miner you will either place the amount of gold you would like to give the trader. You will clap and turn around.
North African trader you will take the gold token(s), leave the salt token(s), clap, and leave.

12. Debrief Take out your Geography Challenge map and label: -North Africa
-Taghaza
-Sahara Desert
-Ghana
-Wangara

13. In your notebook.. What was your role during the game?
How did you feel during the activity?
How were the students representing Ghana able to get gold?
Why were traders willing to pay this tax to Ghana?
What problems did you encounter when you could not talk with the person with whom you wished to trade?
Why might North African traders and Wangaran gold miners have used a method of trading that involved silent communication?

14. Notes Salt miners in Taghaza = slaves of Arab merchants
Crawling across the desert = difficulty of trans-Saharan trade
Payment of the gold token to the Ghana official = tax Ghana charged
Wangaran miners turning their backs = silent barter North African traders and Wangarans conducted; it took a few days
Clapping = beating of drums announcing that a trade offer had been made.

15. Why Ghana? Known as the “land of gold”
Right in the middle between a major trade route
Northern traders brought salt, copper, and cowrie shells (used for money)
Received kola nuts, animals hides, leather goods, ivory, slaves, and gold
COWRIE SHELLS
KOLA NUTS

16. Ghana Ruled by a powerful king Large powerful army
Had the final say in a matter of justice
Led people in religious worship
Controlled gold trade = $$$
Collected taxes on gold that passed through the kingdom
Large powerful army
Thousands of soldiers that kept borders secure and maintained peace
Soldiers were paid and well respected

18. Gold in Ghana
King controlled the supply of gold and people could have gold dust.

19. GOLDDDDDUST!

20. Trans-Saharan Trade Camels Islam Came around 300 C.E.
Drink up to 25 gallons of water
Double rows of eyelids and hairy ear openings
Islam
Muslims came in the 600’s looking to convert people and control trade

21. Secret Wangara Plentiful with gold
No one except the people of Wangara knew exactly where the gold was - miners would rather give up their lives than share the secret
Trade occurred along a river in the southern forests
Page 152
Wangarans wanted and needed SALT!

22. Taghaza
West Africans needed salt and they could obtain it from Taghaza
Taghaza had nothing but salt.
How was salt produced?
Evaporation
Mining
Salt deposits were 3 ft. below.
Miners (slaves) reached the salt by digging trenches and tunnels and dug it out in large blocks

23. Kumbi Capital city of Ghana
Busiest markets in West Africa; where traders and craftspeople sold goods
Largest slave markets in West Africa
Slaves came from the southern border of Ghana
Arab merchants took them across the Sahara and sold them to North Africans or Europeans

24. Assessment
Write two sentences that the people below might say. The sentences should explain why that figure felt that the way trade was conducted benefited him
North African trader
Wangaran gold miner
King of Ghana

25. Mansa Musa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3YJMaL55TM
When did Mansa Musa come to power ?
What was going on in Europe then?
What did he have control over?
How would you describe his hajj?
What was special about the map in 1375?
How did Mansa Musa enhance Timbuktu and the Mali Kingdom?

26. Your role You are Egyptians during Mansa Musa’s time.
You are going to buy “Egyptian” goods based on a number of gold you own (this is on your playing card. Multiply the number by 100 and that is how much gold you have).
You are going to try and auction for the goldfish (dried fish), crackers (wheat), and Jolly Ranchers (broad beans)
Using the paddle and marker, auction how much you would like to spend.

27. In your notebook
How many students were able to purchase items in Round 1? Why?
What do you think might improve their ability to purchase items if the auction is held a second time?
Why do you think more money results in an improved chance to obtain one of the three items?

28. Second auction
You will get another card!

29. In your notebook
What happened to the price of items auctioned in Round 2?
What happened to the money supply in Round 2?
Why did the price go up?
Were you better off in Round 2, when you received additional money?
Were the cards worth more or less in Round 2?
Why were the cards/gold worth less?

30. In your notebook Word Definition Definition in your own words
Picture/symbol
Use in a sentence.
Inflation
Purchasing power
Mansa Musa

31. Inflation
Inflation: A rise in the general price level of all the goods and services produced in an economy

32. Inflation
When? Money supply increases faster than the growth of output of goods and services.
What happens? Money loses value. Goods and services become more expensive because the purchasing power of money is reduced.
What else? If incomes of people/households don’t increase at the same time, people will hurt. They are not able to purchase as many goods as before.

33. Purchasing Power
The amount of goods and services that a fixed dollar amount of income can buy.

34. Mansa Musa
Read the document and answer the following questions in your notebook:
Who was Mansa Musa? WRITE THIS IN THE DEFINITION BOX
What were Mansa Musa’s achievements?
Why did he want to make a pilgrimage to Mecca?
What did Mansa Musa do with the millions of dollars of gold he brought with him on his pilgrimage?
How did Mansa Musa’s spending affect the price of gold in Egypt?
How did this (inflation) affect Egyptian’s standard of living?
What happened to your purchasing power during the two rounds of the auction? How does inflation affect it? Explain.
How were Mansa Musa’s spending and giving gifts of gold similar to the auction activity?

35. Islam in North Africa Islam arrived through trade
Islam is tolerated in places like Kumbi (Ghana) and Mande
Mansa Musa took over Mali and was a Muslim
Mali appeared on the European map - why do you think?

36. Calculating gold today

37. Middle School Consumer Price Index
Item
2005 Price
2010 Price
Bag of potato chips (1.875 oz.)
$0.88
$0.93
Chocolate candy bar (1.55 oz.)
$0.79
$0.86
Bottle of cola (20 oz.)
$1.46
$1.64
1 movie ticket
$8.04
$8.80
Package of gum (15 sticks)
$1.22
$1.28
Hamburger, fries, and small drink
$2.68
$3.01
Small (10-inch) pizza
$4.46
$4.64

38. African Culture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56mjwycKuXA
While listening to the song you must read the lyrics and be able to answer the following questions in your notebook:
Who is this song about?
How do you know?
How does music connect to history? Does it help people understand history better?
Does music “move” people emotionally about historic events?

39. Dance

40. In your notebook Type of Cultural Achievement
Example of This Cultural Achievement
Evidence of Its Influence Today
Written and Oral Tradition
Music
Visual Arts

41. West African Music Call and response! “Kpatsa/Toke”
Was it hard or easy to identify the call and the response?
What kinds of emotions does the song make you think of?
For what kind of event or occasion do you think the song was created?

42. West African music “Everybody Ought to Know”
Call: Everybody ought to know
Response: Everybody ought to know
Together: Everybody ought to know
Call: What freedom is
Response: What freedom is
Verse 2 - Justice
Verse 3 - Friendship
Verse 4 - Happiness
Verse 5 - Freedom

43. West African Art
Use this list of purposes of African art to explain how you think this artwork might be used in the community in which it was made:
Symbolizes mythical figures
Gives knowledge about one’s status in society
Adds beauty or deeper meaning to an everyday object
Commemorates an important ceremony
Communicates relationships among humans, ancestors, and the spirit world
Shows hope for the fertility of people and their lands
Serves as a historical record
UNDER THE “EXAMPLE OF THIS CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENT”:
Make a quick sketch of the artwork.
List at least three details about the artwork.
List any materials you think might have been used to make the artwork.
Do your best to guess the function or purpose of the piece of art.
*** Move onto another page in your notebook if needed

44. Written and oral tradition
Griot - Verbal artist responsible for memorizing and retelling the history and traditions of West Africa. Also helped advise rulers
“Sundjata”
-Recited by Abdoulie Samba (lived between Senegal and Gambia Rivers in Senegal)
-Halam - ancestor of the banjo

45. In your group.. Read your assigned part and plan a performance.
You have one or two of you reading the story and the rest acting.
As we watch performances we need to pay attention to historical and cultural connections