1. Database Management Systems
Chapter 1

2. Introduction What is a database?
What is a database management system (DBMS)?
Remind me to tell you about this:
Database – collection of data stored in a standardized format
Designed to be used by multiple users
DISCUSS Examples: (1) The university’s student files – demographic data, grades, test scores,
(2) Small business (ie., Kaikodo restaurant – suppliers – names and addresses, wine list, etc.)
DBMS – software that defines a database, stores the data, supports a query language, produces reports, and creates data entry screens
Access
Advantages: inexpensive, readily available, relatively robust implementation of SQL, easy to use, lots of books and manuals for reference.
Disadvantages: not designed to handle a large number of users (best for small businesses), security administration is more cumbersome, database administration tools lack the sophistication of higher-end products
Oracle
Advantages: extremely powerful, used in large comprehensive applications, designed for use by many users all at the same time, works well in the client-server environment.
Disadvantages: tools are complex, database administration is complex
SQL Server (part of the Microsoft set of MSDN tools which includes SQL server, and DB2)
Bridges gap between the two. Simpler to use than oracle but more powerful than Access.

3. Database development Challenges
Conserving space
Retrieving data rapidly
Sharing data
Providing backup and recovery

4. Application Development
Feasibility – identify scope, costs, and schedule
Analysis – gather information from users
Design – define tables, relationships, forms, reports
Development – create forms, reports, and help; test
Implementation – transfer data, install, train, review

5. Components of DBMS Database engine Data dictionary Query processor
Report writer
Forms generator
Application generator
Communication and Integration facilities
Security facilities
Database engine – the heart of the DBMS – it is responsible for storing, retrieving, and updating the data. Also responsible for enforcing business rules
Data dictionary – holds the definitions of all the data tables. It describes the type of data that is being stored (stored as a set of system tables. Access keeps the list of all the tables in a hidden system tables called MsysObjects
Query processor – Enables developers and users to store and receive data. Queries are generally derived from business questions.
Report writer – provides users with summary of data. Report writer can be integrated with DBMS or stand alone
Forms generator – AKA input screen. Helps the developer create input forms.
Application generator – An application is a collection of forms and reports designed for a specific user task. A good DBMS contains an application generator to develop menus and toolbars and help systems
Communication and Integration faculties – facility for connecting machines and components so that data can be shared. (Client/Server architecture)
Security facilities – backup, restore, security authorizations

6. Advantages of DBMS Minimal data redundancy Data consistency
Integration of data
Sharing of data
Enforcement of standards
Ease of application development
Uniform security, privacy, and integrity
Data independence
Minimal data redundancy – only load the data once. This cuts down on errors and time
Data consistency – data the same in different reports etc. because it is only loaded once.
DISCUSS OLD SYSTEM (with University files) and new Distributed DB systems.
Student number
Student address (billing was parents, student life was on-campus)
Different files that didn’t talk – student demo, grades, health, billing, admissions

7. Brief History of DBMS Hierarchical databases Network databases
Relational databases
Object-oriented databases

8. Object Oriented For more information visit this website: