1. GEOGRAPHY GCSE REVISION9
Marks

2. So using the whiteboard on your table can you….
List the 5 case studies we have looked at
Write how many 9 mark questions there are in each paper?
So using the whiteboard on your table can you….
Name 16 examples you might use in the course

3. Malaysian Rainforest Thar Desert Rio London Nigeria
Typhoon Haiyan – Tropical Storm
Nepal - LIC
Chile - MIC
Magic Stone – Burkina Faso – desertification example
River Tees – landforms and processes
Cumbrian Floods
Lake District
Freiburg - Transport
Jamaica – tourism reducing the gap
Chambamontara, Peru – Sustainable energy
Case study or Example?
Case studies are places/events that we have looked at over a number of lesson. They require coverage of a range of themes with reference to a specific city, region or country. The location should be placed in a clear regional and national context or global context.
You should know you case studies in great detail and will be able to answer questions about your case studies in many different ways.
An example is much smaller in scale and tend to focus on a single theme. They help to illustrate the content. It is not necessary to place these in the full national context.

4. Command Words Command Words: Evaluate Assess Discuss To what extent
The command words are so important.
They will tell you how to structure your answers.
You have a list in your books telling you what each command word means.
What are the 9 mark command words?
Where will they be in the paper?
2 in paper 1:
1 x 9 mark question in ‘The Challenge of Natural Hazards’ (Weather/Climate/Tectonics)
1 x 9 Mark question in ‘The Living World’
2 in paper 2:
1 x 9 mark question in ‘Urban Issues and Challenges’
1 x 9 mark question in ‘The Changing Economic World’
2 in paper 3:
1 x 9 mark question in ‘Issues Evaluation’
1 x 9 mark question in ‘Fieldwork’
Command Words:
Evaluate
Assess
Discuss
To what extent
Justify

5. THE CONTENT YOU SHOULD…..
We are going to look at DESERTIFICATION today.
You should really already know most of this content. So we are not going to waste time going over this again.
Instead you will spend 20 minutes reminding yourself about it and recording it on the quad sheet.

6. STRUCTURE BUGS will always be your starting point…always.
BUGS the question now:
To what extent do hot deserts provide more opportunities than challenges? (9 marks) + (3 SPAG)
You MUST locate a case study
You MUST give both sides (opportunities and challenges) – connectives (comparison)
You MUST explain and expand each opportunity and challenge – connectives (explanation)
You MUST use key words
You MUST come to a conclusion

7. Its not (Natural Reasons)
To what extent is desertification caused by poor land management?
EXAMPLE PLANNING
Climate Change
Over-cultivation
Over-grazing
Ecologically fragile
Fuelwood – poor countries
Natural events e.g. droughts
Population pressure
Badia, Jordan – Gulf war 1991
Its not (Natural Reasons)
It is (Human Reasons)
A mixture of both reasons, but population pressures has led to poor land management and so humans have made the situation worse.

8. Model Answer
Desertification is a problem in many of the worlds hot deserts. Some of the reasons that it is happening are natural. For example natural events that occur such as droughts. A lack of rainfall can occur for many years in some regions. This means that the vegetation is not getting enough water to survive. As a result it will perish and die. The consequence of this is that nothing is binding the soil together. This means it will simply blow away resulting in desert. However, Population pressure can result in land close to existing deserts being overgrazed. This means that there are too many animals to be supported by the limited vegetation. As a result, when the vegetation is gone, the land is blown/washed away and it turns to soil. One example of where desertification has taken place, followed the 1991 Gulf war, was in Badia, Jordan. Traditionally the land was grazed by nomadic Bedouin who herd sheep/goats on the shrubby grassland. An influx of sheep following the 1991 Gulf war led to over grazing and desertification. In addition to this population pressure means an increased demand for fuelwood. Trees are stripped of their branches and will eventually die as a result of these actions. Just with the overgrazing this means that the trees that were once binding the soil together are now gone meaning the land turns to desert. Both these examples show poor land management. Nonetheless, some argue that climate change is resulting in drier condition and unreliable rainfall. On average we receive less rainfall that we did in deserts 50 years ago. Could this and not poor land management be a reason? Overall I believe that population pressure has led to poor land management and ultimately desertification, however this has ultimately been helped by some natural reasons as well.
Annotate this example below to show:
Connective (explanation)
Connective (comparison)
Reasons for poor land management
Reasons against poor land management
Conclusion
Example
Key words

9. You may also decide to colour code the fingers to show ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, POLITICAL etc.
Your turn to plan…

10. Model Answer
The Thar Desert is located in north-west India and Pakistan. It is the most populated desert in the world and comes with lots of opportunities as well as challenges. Despite the heat, it provides a number of opportunities for economic development. One of these is mineral extraction. Some of the most important minerals found in the Thar include gypsum, feldspar and kaolin. These minerals are exported all over the world creating important income for these two countries. In addition to this Sanu limestone is found in Jaisalmer and is the main limestone used in India’s booming steel industry. Valuable reserves of marble are quarried near Jodhpur, to be used in the construction industry. However, accessibility is very difficult and provides a real challenge. Due to the extreme weather and presence of vast barren areas, there is very limited road networks making it difficult to get these goods to market. The high temperatures can melt the tarmac with strong winds also blowing sand over roads and covering them. This makes economic development difficult. On the other hand, there are opportunities to farm in the Thar. Most people who live here are subsistence farmers and survive by grazing animals on the grassy areas and growing vegetables and fruit trees. Commercial farming though has grown in recent decades and has been made possible by irrigation. In particular the Indira Ghandi Canal was built in 1958 and revolutionised farming. They now grow crops such as wheat and cotton in areas that were once scrubby desert. However, water supply remains a problem. People rely on tobas (natural) and johads (man made) ponds which they share with animals. This is unhealthy and can lead to disease. Additionally, river flow is unreliable and intermittent. They can obtain some water from underground but it can be salty and poor quality. Despite the Indira Gandhi canal though, salinisation has started to be a real problem due to over irrigation in this very hot environment which is ruining the soil and leading to the problem of desertification. Overall therefore, I believe that there are real challenges in the Thar desert. However, if managed correctly the opportunities are there to be had.