1. Reporting and Interviewing Review
News Gathering

2. Types of interviews In person Telephone (two-way voice call) Email
Skype, FaceTime, Hangout
Text message
Other social media
Let’s start with one of the most essential aspects of journalism: conducting interviews. So what are the types of interviews?
Review the pro-cons of each means of contacting potential sources.

3. Types of interviews One-Question Interview Formal Interview Q-and-A
Another way to look at interview types.
One-Question Interview
In the hall, office or classroom, by phone or or by social media, primarily for reaction or commentary
Formal Interview
A longer, detailed interview
Must be in person after research and preparation
Q-and-A
A more structured interview
Also requires research and preparation
Might be conducted by , but better in person

4. Discussion Question 1
In groups of three or four, answer and discuss the following question:
What type of interviewing will you use with your next story assignment? Why did you make this choice?
Each person should write their own answer. Choose a spokesperson to report.

5. Planning the interview
What do I need to know before conducting the interview?
Who will I interview?
Why did I choose these sources?
What will I ask?
When and where will I conduct the interview?
How will I conduct the interview?
What plans do I have for follow-up?

6. What to know prior ...
Research the topic. Look for statistics, background information and facts related to the topic. Build questions and determine your angle.
Research your sources. What is their expertise? What might they know and be able to add?

7. What do you need to know before going into the interview?
What to know prior ...
An example: You are assigned to cover a club or organization.
What do you need to know before going into the interview?
Where can you find information about the club?
Who will you interview?
What to know: What the club does, why it exists, major events, who is in the club and why
Where to find info: national, state, district or local websites related to the organization, club roster, school calendar
Don’t forget past school media – archived yearbooks, newspapers, websites
Who to interview: An adviser, a club leader and another prominent member.

8. journalistic databases broader Internet searches
What to know prior ...
For topical stories and those that require in-depth investigation, consider:
public records
online databases
journalistic databases
broader Internet searches
See handout: Resources for Journalistic Research
TEACHERS: The lesson on Using Databases is essential for thorough in-depth reporting. At the very least, students should have completed the lesson on basic journalistic research.

9. Where can you find the information and background you need?
Discussion Question #2
In your group, discuss the following:
What type of research will you need to do before conducting interviews?
Where can you find the information and background you need?
How extensive should your research be?
Each person in the group should write their answer. Choose a spokesperson to report for the group.

10. Who are the best sources?
It is tempting to interview only people you know. Friends, family members and teachers provide comfort.
BUT THEY ARE NOT THE ONLY OR BEST SOURCES FOR EVERY STORY!
Break out of your comfort zone and find the best sources for a story. Take the plunge!

11. Who are the best sources?
What is your story is about? Do your research before selecting your sources.
Find sources who have expertise on the topic.
Interview sources who offer varying perspectives or points of view.
Find sources to provide first-hand accounts of events.

12. Who are the best sources?
When choosing sources for a story, consider:
Balance, varying perspectives, opposing viewpoints, expertise
Age, gender, race and ethnicity
Choose the sources who best serve the story, not the sources who are easiest to reach and most comfortable to talk to.

13. Who are the best sources?
Consider the various constituents or stakeholders:
coach, team captain, prominent player
administrator, teacher, student
Democrat, Republican, undecided
sponsor, club leader, new member
parent, student, counselor
college coach, H.S. coach, player

14. The reporting process First, do your research.
Set up interviews with sources that matter. Vary the selection of your sources.
Plan your questions for each source.
Listen carefully during the interview and ask follow-up questions to be sure you understand everything they say.
Be conversational, be in control, and be ready to follow up.
Check back for facts and quotes.

15. Who will be, or should be, the sources for my next story?
Discussion Question #3
In your group, discuss the following:
Who will be, or should be, the sources for my next story?
Each person in the group should write an answer. Choose a spokesperson to report.

16. When will I interview?
This can be a tricky part of the planning process.
Usually interviews are conducted outside of class. Only occasionally can you conduct interviews during class.
Schedule an appointment. Do not assume that the source will be available unless you plan ahead.

17. Where will I interview?
Go into the environment of the source.
Look around you and incorporate your observations in your notes. Ask about things you notice.
Observe the expressions and body language, too.
What do you hear or smell? Use all of your senses.

18. If you need to record the interview …
Make sure that the location allows for comfort and sound quality (especially if you are recording for broadcast, podcast or audio postcard).
Choose a spot that will be free of distractions or interruptions.

19. When and where will I conduct the interviews for my next story?
Discussion Question #4
In your group, discuss the following:
When and where will I conduct the interviews for my next story?
Each person in the group must answer. Choose a spokesperson to report.

20. How will I interview?
Consider where you will publish the story. Is it for yearbook, print newspaper, website or broadcast? Podcast or video postcard?
What equipment do you need?
Will you conduct a full-length interview? Will you do a series of phone interviews?

21. If you plan to record the interview. The angle or nature of the story.
How will I interview?
Sources should know in advance:
If you plan to record the interview.
The angle or nature of the story.
They do not need know the questions in advance.

22. Remember these points:
Be polite, but be in control of the interview.
Be objective, and ask questions that you need answers to even if they are tough questions.
Most importantly, listen to your source, and rephrase answers to ensure accuracy.

23. How will I interview?
Use prepared questions, but ask follow-ups.
Be conversational; begin with easier questions to get the interview going.
Make sure the source is the important person in the interview. (Avoid talking about yourself.)

24. Do not forget to ask:
What is your first and last name, your title, and could you please spell that? (first question)
Is there anything else you would like readers to know? (last question)

25. Final notes
Check your facts. Check any information gained from the sources. Accuracy matters.
Transcribe your interview as soon as possible. Strive to make your quotes copy-ready.
Let your sources know that you might need to get back with them for additional information and fact- checking.

26. Discussion report
The spokesperson for each group should recap the stories, research plans, source list and interview plans for one or two members of the group.
EXIT TICKET: Turn in your answers to the discussion questions.