1. March 6, 2018 Objective: To create a model of the cell membrane
To explain the structure of the cell membrane
Journal: What does it mean to have a phobia of something? What is an example of a phobia?

2. Key Terms
What do you think are the definitions of the following words?
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic

3. Key Terms Defined Hydrophobic:
Molecules repel and try to stay away from water
Hydrophilic:
Molecules are attracted to and tend to be found next to water

4. Phospholipids
The structure of the phospholipid molecule generally consists of two nonpolar hydrophobic tails and a polar hydrophilic head.

5. Cell Membrane Structure
Phospholipids form a Phospholipid Bilayer
Phosphate groups = outside
Fatty acid tails = middle
Occurs because of the locations of the water

6. Structure Determines Function
The cell membrane structure helps it regulate what can and cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer because it is selectively permeable

7. What can pass through the membrane?
Small, nonpolar substances pass through directly

8. Other Ways to Pass Through the Phospholipid Bilayer
Membrane proteins to allow specific substances across the membrane at specific times
Membrane proteins can be found on top of or within the phospholipid bilayer

9. Types of Membrane Proteins

10. Receptor Proteins Found on the outside of your cells
Sense surroundings by binding substances outside the cell

11. Cell-Surface Proteins
Similar to a nametag
Identify each type of cell

12. Transport Proteins
Allows certain necessary substances that cannot pass through the cell membrane into and out of the cell

13. Transport Proteins
Channel Proteins: Serve as a tunnel that allow SPECIFIC substances through
Carrier Proteins: bind specific substances on one side of the cell membrane, changes shape and allows the substance out on the other side of the cell membrane

15. March 13, 2018
Objectives:
To differentiate between osmosis and diffusion
To describe how molecules can move down a concentration gradient
Journal:
What are the two types of transport proteins?

16. Cell Transport

17. Types of Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport

18. Passive Transport
When substances diffuse across the cell membrane down their concentration gradient

19. Types of Passive Transport
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis

20. Simple Diffusion
Substances pass directly through the phospholipids from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Small, nonpolar substances only

22. Facilitated Diffusion
Substances that cannot pass directly through the membrane diffuse through protein channels

23. Osmosis Facilitated diffusion of water through aquaporins
Allows the cell to maintain water balance

24. Predicting Water Movement
The direction the water moves depends on the concentration of the cell’s environment

25. Hypertonic Water moves out of the cell so the cell shrinks
There is more solute outside the cell than inside the cell

26. Hypotonic Water moves in
There is more solute inside the cell than outside the cell
Cell gains water and expands

27. Isotonic
There is the same concentration of water inside the cell and outside the cell
Equilibrium is reached
Cell stays the same size

28. Active Transport
Transport of substances against their concentration gradients
Requires energy (ATP)
Uses carrier proteins

29. Sodium-Potassium Pump
Three sodium ions are pumped out of the cell for every two potassium ions brought inside
Requires energy
Prevents sodium from building up inside the cell, which would cause the cell to burst due to osmosis bringing in too much water

30. Endocytosis
The movement of large substances into a cell using a vesicle
The cell membrane forms a pouch around the substance that closes and then pinches off inside the cell
Pinocytosis: also known as cellular drinking, engulfing liquid particles
Phagocytosis: engulfing solid particles

31. Exocytosis
The movement of large substances out of a cell using a vesicle
Vesicles inside the cell fuse with the cell membrane and are released outside the cell
Used to remove waste products