1. Chapter 16 Prokaryotes and Viruses
Bio-Jeopardy
Chapter 16
Prokaryotes and Viruses

2. Diverse Prokaryotes
Functions of Prok.
Disease
Viruses 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40

3. Diverse Prokaryotes for 10
Name the two Domains of prokaryotes.
Bacteria
Archaea

4. Diverse Prokaryotes for 20
What are the three physical characteristics used to classify bacteria?
Cell shape
Cell wall structure
Motility

5. Diverse Prokaryotes for 30
Since binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction, explain the 3 ways that bacteria can increase genetic variation.
Transformation – bacteria take up pieces of DNA from their environment
Conjugation – 2 bacterial cells join and exchange genetic material
Transduction – genes from one bacteria are injected to a different bacteria by a virus

6. Diverse Prokaryotes for 40
How does knowing if a bacteria is gram positive or gram negative help a doctor prescribe an antibiotic?
Some antibiotics are made to kill gram + bacteria, some kill gram – bacteria, and some kill both types (broad spectrum or gram neutral). If a doctor knows the type of bacteria they can prescribe the most effective antibiotics and limit the chances of leaving antibiotic resistant bacteria behind.

7. Functions of Prokaryotes for 10
Define bioremediation and give two examples.
Bioremediation is the use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air, and soil.
Sewage treatment
Cleaning up oil spills
Make vitamins & antibiotics

8. Functions of Prokaryotes for 20
Name a bacteria that restores oxygen to the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
Cyanobacteria

9. Functions of Prokaryotes for 30
Explain the role prokaryotes play in nitrogen recycling.
Some bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to nitrogen compounds in the soil. Plants use the “fixed” nitrogen to make proteins and nucleic acids.

10. Functions of Prokaryotes for 40
How do prokaryotes recycle carbon?
Some prokaryotes are decomposers. They break down dead material returning carbon to the soil and the air.

11. Disease for 10
Define pathogen
A pathogen is a bacterium or other microorganism that causes disease.

12. Disease for 20
Give three examples of how humans defend against bacterial infection.
Washing hands
Careful food preparation
Increased water quality
Skin and mucous linings
antibiotics

13. Disease for 30
Describe two ways in which bacteria can cause illness and give an example of each.
Invasion of tissues and destroying cells – tuberculosis.
Production of poisons – botulism/salmonella

14. Disease for 40
Use the data table to answer the following questions. Which disc is the control? Bacteria A is gram +, B is gram -, Which antibiotic should be used against each bacteria?
Control = 2
Disc 3 kills bac A, Disc 1 kills Bac B best.

15. Bac. A
Bac. B
Disc. 1
8 mm
7 mm
Disc. 2
0 mm
0mm
Disc. 3
15 mm
1 mm

16. Viruses for 10
Define vaccine and give two examples.
Vaccines are deactivated (dead or weakened) varieties of pathogens that stimulate the immune system to defend (create antibodies) against the actual pathogen.
Polio/measles/chicken pox/flu/mumps, etc.

17. Viruses for 20
Explain what a retrovirus is and give one example.
A retrovirus makes DNA from RNA (the reverse of the usual DNA to RNA flow). An example of a retrovirus is HIV.

18. Viruses for 30
How is a viral infection different from a bacterial
Viruses invade cells and use the cells machinery to make more viruses. Most bacteria either produce toxins or destroy tissue.

19. Viruses for 40
Diagram the lytic and lysogenic cycle.

20. Ovule – produces egg cells
Ovary – base of carpel becomes the fruit
Style – leads from stigma to ovary, pollen tube grows through the style
Stigma – sticky tip of carpel, collects pollen
Anther – produce pollen
Sepal – protects bud before it opens
Petal – attracts pollinators