1. Structures

2. AGGREGATION OF DATA
Combining a set of related data elements into one Structure that a program can manipulate as a single object/record.

3. AGGREGATION OF DATA
Example: a Student Record may consist of: - string name; - int idNumber; - float average; - char letterGrade;

4. struct declaration
in C and C++, we can define a structure with a struct statement This statement describes a structure; it does not create/allocate one!

5. struct declaration
Syntax: struct name { list of member declarations } ;

6. struct declaration Syntax:
This is usually written outside/before any function
using namespace std;
struct name {
list of member declarations };
int main() { }

7. struct declaration
Semantics: struct name { list of member declarations } ; This defines the word name. It does NOT create/allocate any object. name can now be used as a data type.

8. struct declaration
Example: struct student { string name; int id; float average; char grade; };

9. object declaration
Syntax: structureName objectName ; Semantics: Allocates an object called objectName containing the members defined in struct structureName

10. object declaration
Example: student s;

11. Syntax: Use the Dot Operator to access a member of an object.
objectName.member

12. Example 1: dot operator student s; s.name = "Sally Smith";
s.id = ;
s.average = 91.2;
s.grade = 'A';

13. Example 2: dot operator student s, t; s.name = "Sally";
t.name = "Billy";
s.id = 1234;
t.id = 7654;

14. Example: Array of Structures student s[3]; s[0].name = "Sally";
s[1].name = "Billy";
s[2].name = "Mateo";

15. Populating an Array of Structures
student s[3]; for (int i=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Enter name: "; cin >> s[i].name; cout << "Enter id: "; cin >> s[i].id; cout << "Enter average: "; cin >> s[i].average; cout >> "Enter grade: "; cin >> s[i].grade; }

16. Searching Array of Structures
cout << "Enter Search Name:"; cin >> srchName; found = -1; for (int i=0; i<numStu; i++) { if (s[i].name == srchName) found = i; } if (found == -1) cout << "Not found"; else cout << s[found].id << s[found].gpa;

17. Vocabulary Term Definition Aggregate
To combine data elements into an object that can be manipulated as one data element.
struct
A description of a collection of data elements combined into one object.
Member
A data element of a structure/object (aka. "Field")
Object
A collection of data elements combined into one structure.