1. Cell Energy Energy ~ The ability to do work.
Main source of energy in living things: Glucose! C6H12O6
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
Glucose is made during photosynthesis by autotrophs (plants).
Glucose is part of the food eaten by heterotrophs (animals).
Glucose is powerful – it must be turned into a gentler form of energy called ATP to be used by a cell.

2. Adenosine TriPhosphate
What is ATP?
Adenosine TriPhosphate
ATP is the form of energy cells use to perform the processes of life.
ADENOSINE
PO4
PO4
PO4
The stored energy cells use is located in the chemical bond (red circles) between the second and third Phosphate (PO4)

3. What We Will Discuss… How the process of Photosynthesis makes Glucose
How the process of Respiration takes that Glucose and turns it into ATP

4. PART 1 of Cell Energy Photosynthesis: How Glucose is Made
A chemical reaction in which light energy is converted into chemical bond energy stored in a glucose molecule.

5. Chloroplast:The Location of Photosynthesis
Thylakoid: looks like a pancake and is the light-collecting unit of the chloroplast (contains chlorophyll, which is its green coloring)
Granum: a stack of thylakoids
Stroma: the liquid within the chloroplast

6. Products of Photosynthesis:
Reactants for Photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide: this is a gas
Water
Sunlight (energy)
Chlorophyll (the pigment that makes chloroplasts green)
Products of Photosynthesis:
Glucose (energy)
Oxygen: this is a gas

7. Occurs in mitochondria. Mitochondria Video
PART 2 of Cell Energy: Cellular Respiration: How Glucose is Converted into ATP(How cellular energy is made)
This process may or may not use oxygen (this depends on if oxygen is available or not).
Occurs in mitochondria.
Mitochondria Video

8. Parts of a Mitochondrion
Outer membrane: give mitochondria their shape
Inner membrane: the folded part that increases the surface area for increased ATP production
Matrix: the liquid inside the inner membrane and is where ATP is made

9. Aerobic Respiration: Respiration Using Oxygen
Reactants for Aerobic Respiration:
Oxygen (a gas)
Glucose (energy)
Products of Aerobic Respiration:
36 ATP (energy)
Water
Carbon dioxide (a gas)

10. Anaerobic Respiration: Respiration Without Oxygen
Breaks down glucose without using oxygen.
Produces a poisonous waste product.
Only produces 2 ATP molecules from one glucose molecule.
Two types of anaerobic respiration
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation

11. Alcoholic Fermentation
C6H12O6 CO2 + alcohol + 2 ATP
Produces alcohol as a waste product.
Carried out by yeast cells.
Used to make bread rise, and in the alcoholic beverage industry.

12. Lactic Acid Fermentation
C6H12O6 CO2 + lactic acid + 2 ATP
Produces lactic acid as
a waste product.
Carried out by bacteria and causes milk to go sour.
Carried out by human muscle cells (the burning feeling when you work out and causes muscles to be sore)
Used in industry to
make cheese and yogurt.

13. TO WRAP IT UP…
1) Photosynthesis: The energy from the sunlight is converted into glucose by the chloroplasts of a plant cell.
2) Respiration: The glucose is then transported to the mitochondria where it is converted into cellular energy called ATP.