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dealing with classification and naming of living things

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Presentation on theme: "dealing with classification and naming of living things"— Presentation transcript:

1 dealing with classification and naming of living things
Taxonomy Branch of Biology dealing with classification and naming of living things

2 New organisms are still being found and identified
Overview: this slide does not need to be written down Species of Organisms There are an estimated 3 to 100 million species of organisms (most agree with 11 million) New organisms are still being found and identified

3 Carolus Linnaeus 1707 - 1778 -- aka “Father of Taxonomy”
-- Based on structural similarities -- Early classification system: only 2 categories… -- Developed naming system used today (binomial nomenclature)

4 Criteria for Classification
Linnaeus used structural similarities (ex: have feathers) As technology and knowledge changed Biochemical information DNA (genetic information), protein analysis Cytological information-cell structure Embryonic development Behavior

5 Taxon Levels Taxon (taxa – plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups from broadest to most specific

6 Taxon Levels *pyramid on board

7 Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Gooseberry Soup!

8 Chimp vs. Human Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Pongidae
Pan troglodytes Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo sapiens

9 Binomial Nomenclature
RULES  Write using genus and species Capitalize genus, lowercase species Underline OR italicize H. sapiens for short (in text) Homo sapiens or

10 Why use scientific names?
More precise/accurate Universally accepted Specific to organism Ex: starfish and jellyfish , sea horse = arent really fish!!

11 Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related?

12 Neopalpa Donaldtrumpi

13 Smallmouth Bass Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Scientific classification Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Centrarchidae Genus: Micropterus Species: M. dolomieu Binomial name Micropterus dolomieu

14 Largemouth Bass Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Centrarchidae Genus: Micropterus Species: M. salmoides Binomial name Micropterus salmoides

15 Striped Bass Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Moronidae Genus: Morone Species: M. saxatilis Binomial name Morone saxatilis 3

16 Many species that are known as basses include:
* The Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata, a member of the perch family, Percichthyidae. * The black sea bass, Centropristis striata, a member of the family Serranidae. * The giant sea bass Stereolepis gigas, also known as the black sea bass, a member of the family Polyprionidae. * The Chilean sea bass, Dissostichus eleginoides, more commonly known as the Patagonian toothfish. * The European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. * The Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides * The Smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui. * The Striped bass, Morone saxatilis * The Spotted bass, Micropterus punctulatus

17 Taxonomic Keys Tools used to identify organisms already classified by taxonomists a.k.a. dichotomous keys Consist of a series of paired statements that describe alternative characteristics of the organism Statements describe presence or absence of a characteristic/structure

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20 Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains
Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

21 Domain: ARCHAEA Probably the 1st cells to evolve – simple!
Live in HARSH environments Found in: Thermal or Volcanic Vents (thermophiles) Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake) (halophiles)

22 ARCHAEAN

23 Domain: EUBACTERIA Some may cause DISEASE
Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones Important decomposers for environment Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.

24 Live in the intestines of animals

25 Domain: Eukarya – Divided into Kingdoms
Protista (protozoans, algae…) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals)

26 Protista Most are unicellular Some are multicellular
Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic Aquatic Animal-like= protozoan, Plant-like= algae

27 Fungi Multicellular, except yeast Parasite or decomposer
Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of chitin

28 Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic
Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death.

29 Animalia Multicellular
Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Feed on plants or animals

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31 Prokaryote Eukaryote

32 Unicellular

33 Colonial

34 Multicellular-specialized cells/tissues

35 Level of Organization:
Cell  tissue  organ  Organ system  organism

36 Mode of nutrition Heterotroph Autotroph Absorption Ingestion
Photosynthetic / chemosynthetic


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