1. Pluralul substantivelor
prezentare

2. La plural, substantivele primesc de regula terminatia “-s”.
flower – flowers; book – books; cow – cows
Fac exceptie substantivele terminate in:
“-s”, “-z”, “-x”, “-ch”, “-sh”, care primesc terminatia “-es”.
Bus – buses; box – boxes; bench –benches;
Brush – brushes; buzz- buzzes

3. Observatie
Substantivele terminate in “-o” fac pluralul in doua moduri, in functie de vechimea pe care o au in fondul limbii engleze.
Cele vechi primesc terminatia “-es”: potato – potatoes; tomato – tomatoes.
Cele mai noi, precum si cele terminate in “-o” precedat de vocala, au terminatia “-s”: piano –pianos; radio – radios; mosquito – mosquitos.

4. Reguli de ortografiere la adaugarea terminatiei “-s”
1. Substantivele terminate in “-y” precedat de o consoana transforma “-y” in “-ie”:
Family – families; country – countries
2. Substantivele terminate in “-f” si “-fe” le transforma in “-ves” la plural:
Leaf – leaves; wife – wives; knife – knives; life - lives; shelf - shelves
Exceptii: roof – roofs, handkerchief - handkerchiefs; cliff – cliffs

5. Substantive cu plural neregulat
Man – men (policeman – policemen etc.)
Woman – women (policewoman – policewomen etc.)
Child – children
Mouse – mice
Ox – oxen
Tooth – teeth
Goose - geese
Foot – feet
Die - dice

6. Substantive de origine greaca
Cele terminate in “-sis” fac pluralul in “-ses”
Axis – axes (axa – axe)
Crisis – crises (criza – crize)
Basis – bases (baza – baze)
Oasis – oases (oaza – oaze)
etc.

7. Alte substantive de origine greaca
Phenomenon – phenomena (fenomen – fenomene)
Criterion – criteria (criteriu – criterii)

8. Substantive cu aceeasi forma la singular si plural
Fish – fish
Fruit - fruit
Sheep – sheep
Deer – deer
etc.

9. Substantive nenumarabile
La fel ca in limba romana, substantivele de tipul urmator (lichide, solide, notiuni abstracte) sunt considerate nenumarabile:
Water, coffee, silver, iron, happiness, joy etc.

10. Alte substantive nenumarabile
Pe langa cele mentionate, mai exista si alte substantive care in romana sunt numarabile, insa in engleza nu.
Bread => a loaf of bread (o franzela , o paine); two loaves of bread (doua paini)
Chocolate => a bar of chocolate (o ciocolata); three bars of chocolate ( trei ciocolate)

11. Alte substantive nenumarabile
News => an item/a piece of news (o stire), two items/pieces of news (doua stiri);
Lightening => a flesh of lightening (un fulger);
Furniture => a piece of furniture (o mobila);
Advice => a piece of advice (un sfat)
Soap => a cake of soap ( un sapun), two cakes of soap (doua sapunuri);
Money = bani

12. Atentie!
Substantivele nenumarabile se acorda cu verbul la singular si nu admit numerale in fata lor!
The news is good.
GRESIT: I have a good news.
Your money is here.
GRESIT : Your money are here.