1. UNIT 4: THE NEW REPUBLIC 1790-1820

3. Washington Shapes the Government
Challenges
Establish strong national government
Gain respect of Britain, France, and other countries
Washington Heads the New Government
Shaping the Executive Branch
Cabinet = advisors to the president
Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War – Henry Knox
Attorney General – Edmund Randolph

4. First Cabinet Secretary of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of War – Henry Knox
Attorney General – John Randolph

5. Judiciary Act of 1789 – established the lower courts for the Federal Government ie: District Courts where trials are heard.

6. Hamilton’s Financial Plan Pay off government debts left over from the Revolutionary War and establish a solid financial foundation for the Federal Government.
Funding the National Debt
National Bank
Protective Tariff
Excise Tax on Whiskey

7. Tariffs

8. Whiskey Rebellion – President Washington’s forceful defeat of the Whiskey Rebellion showed that the new government was willing and able to enforce its laws.

9. Development of Political Parties
Democratic Republicans
Thomas Jefferson
Federalist Party
Alexander Hamilton
Farmers and commoners
Wealthy merchants, industrialists and educated elite
Strict Interpretation of the Constitution
Loose Interpretation of the Constitution
Limited national government and states’ rights
Strong Central (national) Government
Agricultural Economy
Manufacturing and Trade
Support came from the West and Southern regions
Support came from northeast and larger coastal cities

10. Proclamation of Neutrality – President Washington declared that the U
Proclamation of Neutrality – President Washington declared that the U.S. would NOT become involved in the war in Europe between France and England Avoid political or military alliances. They will only drag America into a foreign war

11. Pinckney’s Treaty 1795 Treaty with Spain allowing western
farmers to use the
Mississippi River
for trade and the
“right of deposit”
in New Orleans.
It also settle the
boundry between
the U.S. and
Spanish Florida.

12. Washington’s Farewell Address
The U.S. should avoid
“entangling alliances”
that would lead to war.
The U.S. should beware of
the dangers of political
parties that would cause
the government to become
inefficient.

13. XYZ Affair – French officials demand a bribe from American diplomats, which leads to and undeclared war known as the Quasi War

14. Alien and Sedition Acts

15. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Nullification: the idea that a state could nullify a federal law that was thought to be unconstitutional.
Democratic Republicans and states’ rights people supported this as a way to limit the power of the Federal Government.
Many Federalist leaders felt that Nullification would lead to the
breakup of the United States.
Virginia and Kentucky issue statements
that the Alien and Sedition Acts are
a violation of the First Amendment and
are nullified in their respective states.