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Complete the vocabulary

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Presentation on theme: "Complete the vocabulary"— Presentation transcript:

1 Complete the vocabulary
Astronomy Notes The Universe Complete the vocabulary

2

3 Big Bang Animation

4 The Big Bang Song

5 is thought to have occurred
The BIG BANG is thought to have occurred 13.8 billion years ago

6 What is the Big Bang Theory?
The universe started as a single point. That point was extremely dense. It became unstable and exploded outward. Today the universe continues to expand.

7 The Doppler Effect A change in the wavelength (or frequency) of energy in the form of waves, e.g., sound or light, as a result of motion.

8

9 Evidence for the Big Bang
light from distant galaxies all shift toward red

10 Evidence for the Big Bang
Doppler Effect light from distant galaxies all shift toward red

11 Shifts in the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Red Shift = away Blue Shift = toward

12 Evidence for the Big Bang
Doppler Effect light from distant galaxies all shift toward red Red Shift = away Blue Shift = toward

13 Evidence for the Big Bang
Cosmic Background Radiation

14 Cosmic Background radiation
Evidence for the Big Bang Doppler Effect light from distant galaxies all shift toward red Red Shift = away Blue Shift = toward Cosmic Background radiation

15 galaxy planet solar system
Put these in order of size: galaxy planet solar system star universe moon universe galaxy solar system star planet moon Largest Smallest

16 The Earth’s Place in Space

17

18

19 Vocab Maps Universe Doppler Effect Galaxy Solar System

20 Astronomy Notes Stars

21 Relative Size of Celestial Objects

22

23

24

25

26 What are the main classifications of stars? Giants Main Sequence
White Dwarfs Supergiants ESRT p15

27 characteristics are used to
What two characteristics are used to classify stars? ESRT p.15

28

29 ESRTs p15 What two characteristics Luminosity are used to
classify stars? Luminosity Temperature ESRTs p15

30 What type of star is our Sun classified as? Main Sequence
ESRT p15 Main Sequence Circle where it is on the chart

31 Shade the chart where all of the stars are hotter than our sun.
ESRTs p15

32 Draw a line on the chart which separates those stars brighter
than our sun and those less bright. ESRT p15

33 Draw a line on the chart which separates those stars brighter
than our sun and those less bright. ESRT p15

34 What color are the stars in the constellation Orion? ESRT p15

35

36 Betelgeuse Rigel

37

38 Betelgeuse is Red or Reddish-orange Rigel is Blue or Bluish-white

39 How do stars generate their energy?
Hydrogen Helium Hydrogen Nuclear Fusion

40 Vocab Maps Luminosity Constellation

41 Our Solar System

42 ROTATION ROTATION is the spinning on an axis
HINT: A is for Axis is the spinning on an axis

43 On a planet, rotation causes
Night and Day

44 orbiting around an object
REVOLUTION is orbiting around an object

45 On a planet REVOLUTION causes Seasons

46 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth
POLAR VIEW 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth Vernal Equinox 12 hours of daylight Equator – strongest sun rays Summer Solstice 15 hours of daylight Tropic of Cancer – strongest sun rays Winter Solstice 9 hours of daylight Tropic of Capricorn – strongest sun rays North Pole 24 hours daylight South Pole 24 hours darkness North Pole 24 hours darkness South Pole 24 hours daylight Autumnal Equinox 12 hours of daylight Equator – strongest sun rays 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth

47 Equator – strongest sun rays
Vernal Equinox 12 hours of daylight Equator – strongest sun rays The Sun rises directly East at approximately 6 a.m.

48 Equator – strongest sun rays
Vernal Equinox 12 hours of daylight Equator – strongest sun rays The Sun is directly South at noon, 47o above the horizon.

49 Equator – strongest sun rays
Vernal Equinox 12 hours of daylight Equator – strongest sun rays The Sun sets directly West at approximately 6 p.m.

50 Green = Vernal Equinox

51 Tropic of Cancer – strongest sun rays
Summer Solstice 15 hours of daylight Tropic of Cancer – strongest sun rays The Sun rises North of East before 6 a.m.

52 Tropic of Cancer – strongest sun rays
Summer Solstice 15 hours of daylight Tropic of Cancer – strongest sun rays The Sun is directly south at noon, 70o above the horizon S

53 Tropic of Cancer – strongest sun rays
Summer Solstice 15 hours of daylight Tropic of Cancer – strongest sun rays The Sun sets North of West after 6 p.m.

54 Red = Summer Solstice

55 Green = Autumnal Equinox
Same as Vernal Equinox

56 Tropic of Capricorn – strongest sun rays
Winter Solstice 9 hours of daylight Tropic of Capricorn – strongest sun rays The Sun rises South of East after 6 a.m.

57 Tropic of Capricorn – strongest sun rays
Winter Solstice 9 hours of daylight Tropic of Capricorn – strongest sun rays The Sun is directly south at noon, 23o above the horizon

58 Tropic of Capricorn – strongest sun rays
Winter Solstice 9 hours of daylight Tropic of Capricorn – strongest sun rays The Sun sets South of West before 6 p.m.

59 Purple = Winter Solstice

60 Summer Autumn / Spring Winter

61

62 Draw a line across the table between
the Terrestrial and Jovian planets and label.

63 Which are more dense? Jovian or Terrestrial

64 Which have more moons ? Jovian or Terrestrial

65 Which have longer periods of revolution?
Jovian or Terrestrial

66 Which are larger in size on average ?
Jovian or Terrestrial

67 Which planet has the longest day?
Venus

68 Which planet has the longest year?
Neptune

69 Which planet has a longer day than its year?
Venus

70 How are the orbits of the planets described?
slightly, eccentric ellipse eccentricity website

71 Which planet has the least
perfectly circular orbit? Mercury

72 Which planet has the most
perfectly circular orbit? Venus

73 Vocab Maps Revolution Rotation

74 Johann Kepler

75 Calculate the eccentricity
of the ellipse below: length of major axis focus focus eccentricity = distance between foci length of major axis Formula:

76 When does a planet move slowest in its orbit? When furthest from Sun When does a planet move fastest in its orbit? When closest to Sun

77 Distance from the sun does NOT affect the seasons!
When is Earth closest to the sun? January 6 Distance from the sun does NOT affect the seasons! When is Earth farthest from the sun? July 6

78 January 6 July 6 When does the Earth move fastest?
When does the Earth move slowest? July 6

79 Which planet moves fastest?
Which planet moves slowest? MERCURY NEPTUNE

80 Areas swept by the radius over equal time periods are equal.
Kepler's Second Law Area A = Area B Area C Areas swept by the radius over equal time periods are equal.

81 The total mass of all the asteroids is less than that of the Moon.
rocky objects with round or irregular shapes lie in a belt between Mars and Jupiter The total mass of all the asteroids is less than that of the Moon.

82

83 They don’t appear to move on a short term basis.
only visible when they are close to the sun They don’t appear to move on a short term basis.

84 Meteorites are chunks of meteors that hit Earth
Also called Shooting Stars The visible path of debris burning in Earth’s atmosphere. Meteorites are chunks of meteors that hit Earth

85 DWARF PLANETS An object large enough to orbit the sun but not big enough to have cleared out its orbit of smaller objects

86 DWARF PLANT The Planets

87 Vocab Maps Ellipse Eccentricity Focus Asteroid Meteor Comet

88 The Threat from Space CLOSE READING
Read and annotate then answer questions.

89 Paragraph 1. What happens to most meteors that enter the Earth’s atmosphere? Hundreds of them enter the atmosphere every minute. That's because our solar system contains several bands of space rocks—asteroids and comets of varying size and composition—which can veer off into new orbits that intersect with Earth's. Almost all the objects that reach our planet are mere inches in diameter and burn up in the atmosphere. A handful of times a year, space rocks up to 10 feet in diameter make it to the planet's surface. Once a millennium, an asteroid larger than 250 feet penetrates the atmosphere, causing major but localized damage. Every 1 million years, on average, an asteroid over a mile in diameter strikes Earth, with catastrophic consequences. An asteroid six miles in diameter is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. If one that size were to hit Earth tomorrow, it would instantly erase all life within 1,000 miles of impact, and probably throw so much dust into the atmosphere that it would blot out the sun for years, killing off most species. Almost all the objects that reach our planet are mere inches in diameter and burn up in the atmosphere.

90 Paragraph 1. How big was the meteor that was thought to have killed off the dinosaurs?  Hundreds of them enter the atmosphere every minute. That's because our solar system contains several bands of space rocks—asteroids and comets of varying size and composition—which can veer off into new orbits that intersect with Earth's. Almost all the objects that reach our planet are mere inches in diameter and burn up in the atmosphere. A handful of times a year, space rocks up to 10 feet in diameter make it to the planet's surface. Once a millennium, an asteroid larger than 250 feet penetrates the atmosphere, causing major but localized damage. Every 1 million years, on average, an asteroid over a mile in diameter strikes Earth, with catastrophic consequences. An asteroid six miles in diameter is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. If one that size were to hit Earth tomorrow, it would instantly erase all life within 1,000 miles of impact, and probably throw so much dust into the atmosphere that it would blot out the sun for years, killing off most species. An asteroid six miles in diameter is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

91 Explain the difference between the geo- and helio-centric
models of the solar system. Helio-centric Geo-centric Earth- centered Sun- centered

92 Claudius Ptolemy 90 - 168 Model of the universe which was GEOCENTRIC
This model was INCORRECT and was accepted for over 1000 years

93 Nicholas Copernicus 1473 - 1543 Model of the universe which was
HELIOCENTRIC He delayed publication until his imminent death.

94 Nicholas Copernicus

95 Giordano Bruno 1548 - 1600 Model of the universe which was
HELIOCENTRIC And the universe was INFINITE Bruno was burned at the stake for his beliefs.

96 Galileo Galilei Used his telescope to prove the solar system is HELIOCENTRIC Galileo was placed under house arrest for his beliefs.

97 Galileo Galilei

98 Vocab Maps Geocentric Heliocentric

99 Earth Motions Astronomy

100 How long is one rotation of Earth?
Earth's Motions How long is one rotation of Earth? One day A for Axis A in Day How long is one revolution of Earth? One year

101 Rising and Setting of the Sun
Rotation Rising and Setting of the Moon The Seasons Changing Constellations Movement of Stars through the sky Revolution

102 Earth's rate of rotation?
How do you calculate Earth's rate of rotation? One rotation = 360° Time for one rotation = 24 hours 360° ÷ 24 = 15°/hr

103 How many degrees did the stars move from diagram 1 to diagram 2?
2 hours x 15° 30°

104 How can you find Polaris?
It’s the only one that didn’t move OR

105 North Star Polaris 5 ½ cuplengths North Pole

106 Because Polaris can only be seen in the North
What hemisphere must you be in? Why? Northern Because Polaris can only be seen in the North

107 Looking towards the North Star
What direction must you be looking? North Looking towards the North Star

108 What direction do the stars appear to move?
Counterclockwise

109 What causes the stars appear to move?

110 Evidence for Rotation Foucault Pendulum

111 Evidence for Rotation Coriolis Effect

112 Evidence for Revolution
Changing Constellations

113 Evidence for Revolution
Changing Constellations

114 Evidence for Revolution
Earth at position 1 Earth at position 2 Close Star Far Star B Far Star A Parallax

115 Vocab Maps Local Time Altitude Foucault Pedulum Coriolis Effect

116 The Moon Astronomy

117

118 Why is Earth not like this?
Why so many? Craters What are these? No atmosphere Why is Earth not like this? weathering, erosion, atmosphere

119 Phases of the Moon

120 Moon Phases

121 What causes the phases of the moon? The moon's revolution around Earth.

122 27.3 days How long does one revolution of the moon take? How long does
one rotation of the moon take? ESRTs p15

123 What phenomenon does this explain? We only ever see one side of the moon.

124 Why does the moon rise later each day? because as the Earth rotates, the moon revolves

125 What phase of the moon is this?
New Gibbous New Crescent 3rd Quarter

126 Approximate Times of Moonrise and Moonset
 moonrise    moonset new moon 06:00 AM 06:00 PM waxing crescent 09:00 AM 09:00 PM first quarter 12:00 PM 12:00 AM waxing gibbous 03:00 PM 03:00 AM full moon waning gibbous third quarter waning crescent How many hours is the moon visible each day? 12 hours

127 What is "waxing"? more of the moon's surface can be seen

128 What is "waning"? less of the moon's surface can be seen

129 The phases of the moon are what type of event? Cyclic

130 Going to the Moon

131 Great food, but no atmosphere!
Restaurant on the Moon. Great food, but no atmosphere!

132

133 Tides & Eclipses

134

135

136 What causes tides?

137 Caused by the gravitational pull of the moon & sun

138 Tides are cyclic

139 TIDES

140 which types of tides have a larger range?
Based on the diagram, which types of tides have a larger range? SPRING TIDES

141 During which phases of the moon
do neap and spring tides occur?

142

143 1st & 3rd Quarters Neap?

144 New or Full Moon Spring?

145 How many tides a day? 2 high tides 2 low tides

146 Why doesn’t the tide happen exactly every 12 hours?
The Earth revolves around the sun as the moon orbits Earth.

147

148 What’s the difference between solar and lunar eclipses?
moon goes into Earth’s shadow Earth goes into moon’s shadow

149 Solar Eclipse 2010

150 Total Solar Eclipse 2017

151 Solar Eclipses through 2020

152 Lunar Eclipse What phase? Full Moon

153

154 Lunar Eclipse 2010

155 solar and lunar eclipses
Why don’t we have solar and lunar eclipses every month? The moon’s orbit is tilted 5° from the Earth’s orbit.

156

157

158 Vocab Maps Eclipse Tides

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