1. Energy Sources and Demands

2. Energy Units
BTU (British Thermal Unit) – the energy need to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree F
Joules – 1 newton * meter
Watt – unit of power. 1 J per second.
Kilowatt hour – electrical measurement, measures power consumption = 1000 Watts per hour.

3. Units Cont… 1 BTU is roughly 1.06 kJ

4. U.S. Energy Demands

5. US Energy Consumption

6. Average Household Electricity
According to EIA, in 2015 avg. household used 10,812 kWh or electricity alone or 901 kWh per month
36,890,544 BTUs of electricity per household
Louisiana was highest, Hawaii lowest

7. US Energy Supply

8. US Energy Production

9. Energy in WI http://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=wi
103 million total BTUs per household site

10. Raw Energy Prices
*The efficiency of the device (generator, car engine, or household combustion appliance) burning the fuel will determine how much of the fuel’s heat content is converted to useful energy (electricity, horsepower, or space heat). Environmental emissions and equipment costs are other factors that should also be taken into account.

11. Energy Sources Non-Renewable: fossil fuels and nuclear
Renewable: biomass, geothermal, hydroelectric, solar, hydrogen, wind, other water based sources

12. Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural Gas
Petroleum Products

13. Coal Pros Cons Cheapest US has 25% of coal reserves
Infrastructure already place
Cons
Carbon Dioxide emissions
Sulfate emission create acid rain

14. Natural Gas
Predominantly a methane based hydrocarbon

15. Natural Gas Pros Cons Low cost Easy/efficient distribution
Cleanest fossil fuel
Cons
Green house gas emissions
Water contamination

16. Petroleum Used to produce almost all liquid fuels. Pros Cons
Easily portable
Combustion Engines
Cons
Transportation is dangerous
CO2 Emissions
Limited Supply

17. Nuclear Produced through fission of atoms
Split to heat water, water turns turbine.
Depending on size, generate around 12, 192 mWh per day = 4,450,080 mWh per year

18. Nuclear Cons Pros Nuclear waste disposal Potential terrorist target
Nuclear accidents
Pros
Lots of energy produced
No harmful emissions
Small space relative to production

19. Renewable Sources
Defined as anything that can be regenerated over a short period of time relative to our lifespans.

20. Wind Power A turbine attached to a generator is spun by air currents
Vary in capacity
Most onshore have a capacity of MW
10 KW turbine will power a single household
1.65 MW can power 470 avg households, 4.7 million kWh in a year

21. Wind Power Pros Cons Renewable Space can still be used for agriculture
Low maintenance
Cons
Expensive initial investment
Can harm migrating birds
Produce low humming noise (43 decibels)

23. Solar Power and Cells
Cells are photovoltaic – use photons to excite and move electrons
Others involve focusing sunlight with lenses and mirrors to heat water
Need some form on inverter and battery for solar cells and panels
Average output for individual panel is 200 W (65 x 39 inches)

24. Solar Power Cons Pros Expensive installation
Needs to be in a sunny environment
Batteries need to be advanced for storage
Pros
Renewable energy
Government tax incentives for installation
Silent
Low maintenance

25. Largest farm produces 850 MW in China, 14 square km.
1 MW will power roughly 162 US Homes

26. Hydroelectric Use pressure differential to turn turbines Cons Pros
Destroys river habitats and lots of land upstream
Alters water downstream
Expensive initial investment
Pros
Renewable
Consistent

27. Wave power Hydraulic pumps to turn turbines
30MW per year avg. per site. Around homes
Pros
Huge potential
Power avg of homes per site
Reliable
Cons
Tourism, kind of ugly
Installation costs

28. Tidal Power Works very similarly to a hydroelectric dam
20 suitable sites in the world
Cons
Changes tidal mud flats and drastically alters ecosystems
Only 10 hours of actual energy production a day
Pros
Very dependable, tides consistent

29. Geothermal Use wet or dry steam to turn turbines
Send water into hot rocks in the Earth’s crust
Cons
Cool rocks too much, no longer works
Very site specific
Pros
Almost no maintenance once constructed
Small
No emissions

30. Biomass
Use for burning similar to coal or for producing liquid fuels (i.e. biodiesel)
Pros
Cleaner emissions than petroleum
Made from agricultural waste
Large store/source/supply
Cons
Still produces emissions
Requires space
Can lead to deforestation

31. Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Liberates hydrogen from oxygen in water using electrolysis
Pros
Completely renewable
No emissions
Cons
Expensive