1. Imperialism

2. Imperialism Definition
A stronger nation seeks to dominate a weaker nation politically, economically and socially

4. Causes of Imperialism

5. Economic ($)
Countries need natural resources (because of the Industrial Revolution)
Countries want new markets – need new places to sell all of the goods they are making (because of the Industrial Revolution)
Populations are growing and looking for new places to settle
People have money and are looking for places to invest their profits

6. Political (government)
Need bases for military
Want ports for trading
To show off their power and become a global empire (Nationalism)

7. Social Missionaries are trying to spread Christianity
Want to spread “western” civilization (the way things are done in Europe and the US)
Thought that “western” ways were best (nationalism)
Social Darwinism
Applied Darwin’s Theory of Survival of the Fittest to the competition between the nations
Thought it was natural for the stronger nations to dominate the weaker ones

8. White Man’s Burden Poem by Rudyard Kipling
Offered justification for imperialism
Said white imperialists had a moral duty to educate the less developed people
Western ideas, customs and religions need to be spread to people in Africa and Asia

9. White Man’s Burden
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

10. Western Advantages Stronger economies and governments
Powerful armies and navies
Superior technology (because of the Industrial Revolution)
Maxim gun
Steam driven warships and railroad
Medical advances

11. Why Africa?
They want their resources: petroleum, gold, copper, diamonds, cotton ,coffee, peanuts and lumber

12. The Scramble for Africa
Belgium is the first to claim land in Africa
Sets up a European race for colonies
No European power wanted to be left behind
Discoveries of gold and diamonds in South Africa also increased interest

13. The Berlin Conference (1884-1885)
European power met and set up rules for colonizing Africa
Any country could claim land
Divided Africa into regions without looking at their ethnic of linguistic groups
No African rulers could attend
1914 – only 2 African countries remained independent

15. Why didn’t the Africans fight back
Variety of cultures and languages made it hard for them to organize
Low level of technology

16. Imperialism in Asia
China was forced to trade with certain nations (Spheres on Influence)
Japan was forced out of isolation

17. Spheres of Influence

21. British Imperialism in Africa
Had land throughout the continent
West and East Africa
Most of Southern Africa
Egypt
Controlled regions with lots of people and lots of resources

22. Southern Africa
Dutch Farmers – known as Boers – settled in Cape Town in 1652
English gained the Cape colony from the Dutch in 1806
The Great Trek - Boers resented being ruled by the English and migrated north

23. The Zulu nation 1816 Shaka, an African leader, unites the Zule Nation
Zulu warriors fight against European slave traders and ivory hunters

24. Conflict: The Boers and the zulus
Caused by the Great Trek
Boers get help from the British and defeat the Zulus
Boers establish new nations: Transvaal and Orange Free State

25. The Boer War
1867
Found gold and diamond deposits in Boer territory
1890
Cecil Rhodes, British, gains control over more of South Africa
Takes over the Boer lands
1899 – 1902
Boers resist fighting
1910
British form the Union of South Africa (begins a long time period of racial segregation that does not end until 1993)

28. African Resistance Movements
Most of the time they did not work
Couldn’t compete with superior European technology
Alliances failed

29. Positive Impacts of Colonial rule
Reduced local warfare
Improved sanitation, hospitals and education
Improved infrastructure: railroads, dams, telephones and telegraph lines

30. Negative impacts of colonial rule
Lost land and independence
People died because of new disease and fighting
Changing farming over to cash crops resulted in famine
Loss of traditional culture
European establishment of boundaries

31. Indian subcontinent