1. BELLWORK Why did countries colonize?
How would the rise of industry affect this colonization? Increase or decrease? Why?

2. Industrialization & Imperialism
Chapter 24

5. Motives for Imperialism
Imperialism- when a stronger country conquers a smaller weaker country, usually for economic exploitation
Nationalism
Economic Competition
Missionary work
Political Power
Racist “White supremacist” ideas
**Social Darwinism- racist belief that the fittest will and should survive and conquer the weaker. “If I can conquer you, I have the right to conquer you. It’s the way of nature.”

6. How Industry = Imperialism
Raw Materials- for MACHINES
New markets- for trading mass produced goods
Industrial technology- allowed further infiltration of foreign lands

7. Two Cases: India and Java Comparison

8. What is a joint-stock company?

9. Example #1: Dutch Advance on Java
Dutch established Batavia 1619
at first Dutch paid tribute to Mataram Sultanate (Muslim Javanese Empire)
gained monopoly on spice trade
1670s Dutch began to intervene in wars of succession, using Dutch command of native soldiers
Each war of succession led to more land ceded to Dutch
1750 Complete Dutch dictated kingdom

10. What do you remember about the Mughal? PERSIAN
What do you remember about Britain and India?

11. Example #2: INDIA
After the Mughal lost power, the East India Company basically took over
This was a British Company
Had their own army, lead by UK officers
Sepoys- Indian soldiers who worked in the East India Company’s military
India became the “Jewel in the Crown”
Most important British colony
Supplied the raw materials for many British factories

13. Indians lost due to lack of unity
Sepoy Mutiny
May 10, 1857, the sepoys (Indian soldiers in East India Co. military) rebelled
An uprising in Northern India
Took more than a year for the East India Company to regain control of the country
Indians lost due to lack of unity
Many princes stayed out of the fighting because they had alliances with the British
Hindus vs. Muslims (Mughals)
Sikhs were against the Mughals so they supported the British

14. The Results of the Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny was a turning point
The British tightened its control over India
The Raj- the name given to the time of British rule in India ( )
Racist attitudes were increased as a result
Distrust between Indians and the British increased

15. Cultural Blending 18th century, “mixed” relationships widely accepted
19th century greater social division- “mixed” marriages lessened
TEA!!!

16. Social Reform in the Colonies: 3 Changes
Until the early 19th Century- Dutch and British encouraged caste division-no push for change. But…
India was the first conscious attempt to diffuse Western culture into a colony

17. Impact of Colonialism Positive Effects for India
3rd largest railroad built
Developed modern economy, united India
Roads, telephone lines dams, bridges, irrigation
Sanitation improved
Education improved
Sati ended
British military kept peace
Missionaries began to introduce Christianity to India. Try to end slavery
Negative Effects for India
British held most of the power
Indian industry not allowed to compete with Britain (ran Indian textiles out of business)
Cash crops (ie cotton) instead of food production- famine
Racist attitudes

18. Rivalry: Conflict and Compromise

19. The SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

20. http://libweb5. princeton

21. Nations Compete for Overseas Empires
Who was Dr. Livingstone?
A minister from Scotland looking for source of the Nile
Thought dead
Henry Stanley found him in n1871
How Belgium took control of the Congo
1879- Stanley signed treaty with Congo Valley chiefs
King Leopold II of Belgium gained control over lands
He said he was trying to abolish slave trade.
Forced labor (rubber trees), heavy taxes, other abuses- caused concern around the world
Soon France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal , Spain were in a race to acquire African colonies.

23. The Berlin Conference WHY AFRICA?
HOW COULD THEY AVOID A WAR OVER TERRITORY?
THE BERLIN CONFERENCE

24. The Berlin Conference WHY AFRICA?
At first Europe was looking for trade routes
Copper, tin, gold, and diamonds in Africa attracted Europe
Countries began to scramble for parts of Africa to control
HOW COULD THEY AVOID A WAR OVER TERRITORY?
THE BERLIN CONFERENCE
Was a meeting to set guidelines for the division of Africa
No African leaders were present
Africa was divided with no regard to African language or ethnic barriers
Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent

26. Partition of Africa:

27. Political
Industrialization created an unevenness of power- Europe vs Everyone else
Tropical Dependencies: small group of Europeans dominated large populations of natives
Settlement colonies: (A) White Dominion, large land, small population of empire (B) Both Dependent & Settlement with large white populations competed with large native population VS

28. Political What strategies could be used to govern the colonies?
Europeans exploited existing tribal rivalries
Europeans used local leaders for bureaucracy
Indian Sepoys to maintain control

29. Economy District officers policed, collected taxes
Colonizers attempted to teach methods of agriculture
tried to increase production, lower cost of purchase of goods
Advantages of Industry (railroads, etc) were brought to colonies mostly in order to benefit Europe

30. Social Education was church based rise of Asian/African middle class
increasing conflict between colonizer and colonies
Increasing European population in colonies causes more problems; wives and families of Europeans arrived
Interracial marriage was disapproved of as a result of white racial supremacy and Social Darwinist theories

31. South Africa
Cape Town established by Dutch; enslavement, syncretism between populations
19th Century Britain competes for South Africa; annexed in 1815
1830s British interference sent Boers on Great Trek; established Boer Republics
Boer Wars began with discovery of diamond, gold in Republics, with British victory
System of Apartheid (racial segregation in S. Africa) allowed due to British guilt

32. Other Regions

33. Pacific Tragedies
Colonization in the Pacific mirrored that of the Americas
Disease!!!
New Zealand
1790s timber, whaling brought disease, alcoholism
1840s adapted farming, worked in mills, trade
1850s British claim islands to expand empire
Maori fight, driven to exterior; adapt with education and use of legal system

34. Hawaii Hawaii not official colony until annexed by US in 1898
Early Hawaii leadership realized benefits of westernization:
Trade
missionary activity
school systems
Disease!!! caused importation of Asian workers
Weak leadership allowed US planters to manipulate political system for economic, military benefit

35. Analyze the continuities and changes that occurred in Africa from 1450-1885. Make a BME chart.
Beginning- Step 1
What do you know about Africa in 1450? PERSIAN
Middle- Step 3
How did it get there? What happened in the MIDDLE?
End- Step 2
What do you know about Africa in 1885? PERSIAN
Thesis- Step 4
During the period CE, Africa changed regarding ______________ and ______________, but _____________ was continuous throughout this period.

36. Review Discuss motives for expansion.
Why was India so important to Britain?
How did imperialism and economic expansion affect the economy?
What European countries were the most industrialized and imperialistic?
What did Europe do for the colonies? Why did Europe NOT emphasize the building of factories and European workers to the colonies?