1. 10th World Studies 2.13.18 Turn in: Take out:
Nothing…
Take out:
Planner
Pen/Pencil
Today’s objective:
I can describe how the happenings of Europe begin to impact the impending War.
Today’s Agenda:
Causes of the “Great War”
Militarism
HW:
Militarism Research
In-Class: due tomorrow…

2. CAUSES OF “THE GREAT WAR”
M—militarism
A—alliances
N—nationalism
I—imperialism
A—assassination
(C)—Competition

3. M. Militarism (also competition…)
The tendency to regard military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state and to subordinate all other interests to those of the military.
Glorification of military power.
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers in millions of £s.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

4. M. Militarism (also competition…)
The tendency to regard military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state and to subordinate all other interests to those of the military.
Glorification of military power.
ARMY Troops
Germany v. Russia, France
Germany 1.3m 5.0m
France 730, m
Russia 400, m

5. The Importance of Naval Supremacy
Alfred Thayer Mahan – US Naval War College
The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890)
The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793–1812 (1892)
Control of the seas = Great Success
Emphasis placed on LARGEST & most POWERFUL navy
Coupled with the importance of economic control of the seas.
Have the larger, more powerful navy—win wars
Control the commerce that travels during war time—win current and future wars…
“Force is never more operative than when it is known to exist but is not brandished.”

6. The Importance of Naval Supremacy
Alfred Thayer Mahan:
Both early works very influential in
both Germany and England
Theory of Naval Superiority:
Based on the “Two Power” standard.
Royal Navy should be the size of the next two largest navies combined.
1889—Naval Defense Act
Simply the formalization of the policy that had been in place informally since the 1850’s.
France/Russia the next two largest at the time.
The Fleet Acts
Mit einem Worte: wir wollen niemand in den Schatten stellen, aber wir verlangen auch unseren Platz an der Sonne.
1898: The First Naval Law
1900: The Second Naval Law—introduced following an international incident with the British involving the 2nd Boer War
1906/08/12: Naval Laws, all following “incidents”
"in one word: We wish to throw no one into the shade, but we demand our own place in the sun."

7. “Dreadnought” Race Jackie Fisher:
HMS Dreadnought (All big gun warship) [ ]
Admiral that reforms the navy as we know it…
Alfred von Tirpitz: Risikoflotte “risk fleet”
Created the German navy from virtually nothing…
Turned to Unterseeboots in attempt to overtake Brits.

9. Naval Strength, August 1914 Dreadnoughts 13 20 Battle Cruisers 5 8
Germany
Britain
Dreadnoughts 13 20
Battle Cruisers 5 8
Cruisers 41
102
Destroyers
144
301
Submarines 30 78

10. CAUSES OF “THE GREAT WAR”
M—militarism
A—alliances
N—nationalism
I—imperialism
A—assassination
(C)—Competition
Find a partner…head to my website.
Click on the Militarism Project button
One HARD COPY is due tomorrow…