1. Chapter 13: Urban Patterns
MarKayla Britton
Ashley Cleburn

2. Urban Patterns for the Developing World
Highest rate of urban growth lacks a significant metropolitan area .
Latin America – the most urbanized major area of “Less Developed World”.
Africa – least urbanized of all areas, but the most quickly urbanizing of all the regions.
Asia – less than 35% urban through the whole area with some exceptions (Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, North and South Korea)

3. Urban Patterns
All areas of the developing world have a population greater than their employment bases can support and inverse concentric zone patterns.
Asia/African City – European colonial imprint
Spatial differences in social equality very clear. 5 4 3 2 1
CBD – 5
Inner City – 4
Low Class Residential – 3
Medium Class Residential – 2
High Class Residential - 1

4. Changes in Cities in LDCs
Populations of cities in the less developed world have been surging : urbanization, migration, natural increase.
Urbanization in LDCs:
Farming more challenging
Poor living in the suburbs, rich living in CBD
Cities struggle to provide jobs and housing
Services over taxed
Squatter settlements common
Crime on the rise

5. Urbanization The process by which the population of cities grow
2 dimensions: an increase in the number of people living in cities and an increase in the percentage of people living in the cities
In MDCs about ¾ of the people live in urban areas compared to 2/5 in LDCs
Although Latin America is an exception
MDCs have a higher percentage of urban residents, but LDCs have more of very the very large urban settlements

6. Metropolitan Statistical Area
An MSA includes
An urbanized area with a population of at least 50,000
The county within which the city is located
Adjacent counties with a high population density and a large percentage of residents working in the central city’s county

7. Micropolitan Statistical Areas
These include
an urbanized area between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found
Adjacent counties tied to the city

8. Burgess’s Concentric Zone Model
City grows outward from central area in a series of rings
Like growth rings of a tree
Size and width vary from city to city

9. Homer Hoyt’s Sector Model
City develops in sectors, not rings
Certain areas more attractive for certain things
High class housing extends as a corridor

10. Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model
City is complex structure with multiple centers
Some activities are attracted to certain nodes
Schools : daycares, family neighborhoods, grocery stores
Heavy industry would not be near high-class housing

11. Geographic applications of the models
the three models can also help explain why centain type of people tend to live in particular places
Social area analysis: urban areas that contain people of the similar living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle

12. Inner-city problems Physical Social Economic
Major physical problem faced by inner city neighborhoods is poor condition of the housing
Social
Inner city residents ore often referred to as underclass. This class often have high rates of unemployment, alcoholism, etc.
Economic
The central cities face a gap between the cost of needed services and the availability of funds to pay for them

13. The Peripheral model
According to this model an urban area consists of an inner city surrounding by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a belt way or rail road

14. Key Issue 1: Where have urban areas grown ?
Urbanization involves increases in the percent and in the number of people living in urban areas. MDCs have higher percent of urban residents, but LDCs now have most of the largest urban areas

15. Key Issue 2: Where are people distributed within urban areas
Three models explain where various groups of people live in urban areas: the concentric zone, sector, and multiple nuclei models. Combine the three models present a useful framework for understanding the distribution of social and economic groups within urban areas. With modifications, the models also apply to cities in Europe and LDCs

16. Key Issue 3: Why do inner cities have distinctive problems?
Inner city residential areas have physical problems stemming from the high percent of older deteriorated housing, social problems stemming from the high percent of low income households, and economic problems stemming from a gap between demand for services and supply of local tax revenue

17. Key Issue 4: Why do suburbs have distinctive problems?
The suburban lifestyle as exemplified by the detached single-family house with surrounding yard attracts most people. Transportation improvements most notably the railroad in the 19th century and the automobile in the 20th century, have facilitated the sprawl of urban areas. Among the negative consequences of large-scale sprawl are segregation and inefficiency.