1. Daily Objective
At the end of the lesson you should be able to explain the religious beliefs of Ancient Egyptians.

2. Vocabulary
Afterlife = life that takes place in another world after death
Embalm = to preserve a body after death
Mummy = a body that has been dried so it won’t decay
Pyramid = structure with triangular sides that meet at a point
Step pyramid = a pyramid with sides that rise in a series of steps

3. Open your textbook to page 159
Beliefs and Religion

4. What are you wondering? What do you notice?
View the image and write down in the T-Chart 3 things that you notice and 3 things that you wonder about.

5. The Egyptian Book of the Dead is a series of texts that assists the soul in the search for happiness in the afterlife.

6. Egyptians believed that after death an individual faced 42 gods and testified about his or her behavior on Earth.

7. That testimony was called the negative confession.

9. To learn more follow along using your graphic organizer as we begin our visit to this ancient scroll.

13. Ancient Egyptian Gods & Goddesses

14. Ra Sun God Master of the other gods and goddesses
Takes the sun across the sky
each day in his solar barge (sky boat)
Pictured
with falcon
head, solar disc, cobra,
and ankh (symbol of
eternal life)

15. OSIRIS God of the Dead King of the Afterlife
A great pharaoh in his life until
killed by his brother, Set
Pictured as a mummy with green
or blue skin, always holding the
crook and flail (symbols of a good
ruler)

16. Isis Goddess of Motherhood & Magic Queen of the Afterlife
Wife of Osiris
Put the body of Osiris back
together after he was killed by Set
Pictured
with Osiris,
and a crown
in the shape of a throne
She is also pictured with wings

17. Horus God of War, Sky and Protection Son of Isis and Osiris
Represents the Pharaoh in Life
Soars over his people, keeping
watch over them as a hawk
Pictured with
a hawk head,
wearing the double crown
of Upper and Lower Egypt
Eye of Horus is all-seeing

18. Anubis God of Mummification and Embalming
Protector of the Dead as they
make their journey into the Afterlife
Helps at the Weighing of the
Heart Ceremony
Head embalmer dressed as Anubis
to perform ceremonies
Pictured with a jackal
head or as a jackal

19. Thoth God of Knowledge, Hieroglyphs & Wisdom Record keeper of the Gods
Records each person’s good and
bad deeds
Asks the 33 questions at the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony
Pictured with an ibis head, as a ibis, or a baboon

20. Maat Goddess of Truth and Justice
Regulated the stars, seasons, and the actions of both mortals and deities
The feather in her headdress
determined if departed souls
would reach the Afterlife
Maat’s ostrich feather
represents truth
Pictured as a woman with an ostrich feather as a headdress or with wings

21. Ammit Devourer of the Dead Gobbled-up the souls of evil doers
Not worshipped but embodied all
that the ancient Egyptians Feared
Pictured as a creature part crocodile, part lion and part hippopotamus

22. Hathor Goddess of Music, Foreign Lands and Fertility
Hathor helped women in childbirth
She greeted the souls of the dead in
Duat and offered them food and drink
Pictured with a sun disc, horns, and a cobra, or as a cow nursing the pharaoh

23. set Represents the Red Land of Egypt which is not fertile
God of Storms, the
Desert, and Chaos
Killed his brother
Osiris, took the Eye
of Horus in battle
Represents the Red Land
of Egypt which is not fertile
Pictured with a curved
snout, rectangular ears,
forked tail, and canine body.
Not like any real animal.

24. King of the Underworld and Afterlife
Name
Title/Duty/Role
Story
Symbols Ra
Sun God
- Takes the sun across the sky each day in his solar barge
falcon
solar disc
solar barge
Osiris
King of the Underworld and Afterlife
- Was a great pharaoh until killed by his evil brother, Set
crook
flail
Isis
Queen of the Underworld and Afterlife
- Wife of Osiris
- Put his body back together after Osiris was killed by Set
crown
(shape of throne)
wings
Set
God of
Deserts Storms
and Chaos
- Killed his brother Osiris
- Took out the eye of Horus in battle
scepter
Horus
God of War Sky and Protection
- Son of Isis and Osiris
- Represents the pharaoh in life
hawk
eye of Horus

25. God of Mummification and Embalming
Name
Title/Duty/Role
Story
Symbols
Anubis
God of Mummification and Embalming
- Protector of the Dead
- Weighing of the Heart Ceremony
jackal
Thoth
God of Knowledge Hieroglyphs and Wisdom
- Records each persons good and bad deeds in life
- Record keeper of the gods
moon disc
papyrus scroll
baboon
Maat
Goddess of Truth and Justice
- Feather from her headdress was used to determine which souls went on to the Afterlife
ostrich feather
Ammut
Demon Goddess
- Devoured the souls of evil-doers
- Not worshipped but feared by all
lion
crocodile
hippopotamus
Hathor
Goddess of Music, Foreign Lands and Fertility
- Helped women in childbirth
- Protected men when visiting foreign lands
cow
Cobra
sun disc with horns