1. Maps by David P. Barrett used by permission
World Civilizations
Egypt
© John Stevenson, 2017
Maps by David P. Barrett used by permission

3. THE NILE
Agricultural Nation
Land Values
Transportation

5. KMT
Black Land
Red Land

11. Mesopotamia Egypt Flooding irregular & destructive
Flooding predictable & beneficial
No natural borders against enemies
Natural borders of sea & desert
Rulers of different nationalities
Mostly a dynastic succession
Pessimistic
Optimistic
Gods cold & cruel & not to be trusted
Gods good & benevolent

12. Problems in Studying Egyptian Chronology
Lack of a fixed system of reckoning years
Lack of any objective Egyptian Historians
Astronomical Dating Methods
Translating the Hieroglyphs

13. 1st Intermediate Period 2nd Intermediate Period
Egyptian History
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
Dynasties 3-6
Dynasties 11-12
Dynasties 18-20
Archaic Period
1st Intermediate Period
2nd Intermediate Period
3rd Intermediate Period
2686 – 2181
Pyramid era
Era of the biblical patriarchs
Era of Moses and the Exodus

14. Pre-Dynastic Period Prior to 3000 B.C. Climate change & the Sahara
Migrations
Architecture
Mud brick structures
Silos for grain
Cattle compounds

20. Lower
Egypt
Red
Crown
Upper
Egypt
White
Crown

21. S E W
Upper Egypt N
Lower Egypt

22. Narmer Pallet also known as Pharaoh Menes 3000 B.C.
Unification of Egypt

23. Narmer Pallet also known as Pharaoh Menes 3000 B.C.
Unification of Egypt

24. Narmer
Rameses IV
Pallette
1150 B.C.
3000 B.C.

25. Archaic Period 3000 - 2600 B.C. Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
Capital eventually at Memphis
Civil and Religious institutions and ceremonies assume form they will maintain throughout entire Dynastic Period
Wooden & brick temples & palaces

26. Egyptian Mythology
Geb
(Earth)
Nut
(Sky)

27. Egyptian Mythology Geb Nut Seth Isis Osiris Osiris Seth Isis (Earth)
(Sky)
Seth
Isis
Osiris
Osiris
Seth
Isis

28. Egyptian Mythology Geb Nut Seth Isis Osiris Horus Seth Horus (Earth)
(Sky)
Seth
Isis
Osiris
Horus
Seth
Horus

29. Egyptian Mythology Isis & Osiris bring civilization
Seth tricks Osiris into a coffin
Seth

30. Egyptian Mythology Isis & Osiris bring civilization
Seth tricks Osiris into a coffin
Isis resurrects Osiris
Osiris becomes god of the dead
Isis gives birth to Horus
Horus defeats Seth
Seth

31. Heb-Sed Festival Normally held on 30th year of rule
Pharaoh would show physical ability
Rejuvenation ceremony

32. Old Kingdom
B.C.

33. Mastaba

34. Mastaba

35. Step Pyramid of Djoser

36. Step Pyramid of Djoser

39. Snefru Founder of 4th Dynasty First true pyramid builder
Around 2600 B.C.
Founder of 4th Dynasty
First true pyramid builder

40. Snefru & the Meidum Pyramid

41. Bent Pyramid of Snefru

42. Red Pyramid
Bent Pyramid

43. Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops)

50. Robber’s Tunnel
Caliph al-Ma’mum (820 A.D.)

51. Pyramid of Khafre

55. Pyramids Served as tombs More than a hundred in Egypt
All on the west bank of the Nile

56. Egyptian Calendar 12 months with 30 days each 360 day cycle + 5 days
No leap year
It would take 1460 years for calendar to make full cycle
This was called the apocatastasis (the re-establishment)

57. Nemes Headdress

58. First Intermediate Period 2181 - 1991 B.C.
Entrance of Bedouins
Advent of Pessimistic Literature
“Seventy kings in seventy days” (Manetho)

59. Middle Kingdom
B.C.

61. 11th Dynasty

62. Amenemhet III Irrigation Canal to the Faiyum Depression
Record height of Nile

63. Beni Hasan Tomb

64. Goshen

65. Suspicions against Israelites
Foreigners
Shepherds
Goshen
Religious differences

66. Maps provided by
David P. Barrett
Used by Permission