1. Outlines What is an Electronic Government? Phases Principles Benefits
Driving Forces
Planning
Barriers & Failure Factors
Success Factors
Recommendations
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

2. What is an E-Government?
Definition:
E-Government is the transformation of public sector internal and external relationship through Internet-enabled operations, information and communication technology in order to optimize government service delivery and governance.
Source: Gartner Research
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

3. What is an E-Government? (Cont.)
E-Governance
Digital Society
Non -Digital Society
E-Government is about transforming relationship than about technology
E-Government requires new architectural sourcing and planning approaches
E-Governance is the development, deployment and enforcement of the policies, laws and regulations necessary to support the functioning of e-government.
Digital society: society or community that is well advanced in the adoption integration of digital technology into daily life at home, work, and play.
Digital Divide: not everyone in the community has access to the Internet.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

4. E-Government is about Services Access People E-Business
One-stop Services
Non-stop Services
Any-stop Services
Access
People
E-Business
Services (government becoming more service- oriented and customer-focused; decentralizing city services.)
Access (Providing remote access to service and information 24 hours a day / 7 days a week
People (Citizen, Business, Employees, Vendors, Press, Politicians)
E-Business
Becoming part of doing business in public sector.
Re-engineering business processes this can only be strategically implementation enterprise automation systems that can easily share information and pass data between departments.
Transforming organizations: e-government leverages many different information technologies, not just the Internet.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

5. E-Government is about(cont.)
Transforming organizations
Individuals/Citizens: Government-to-citizen (G2C)
Businesses: Government-to-Business (G2B)
Intergovernmental: Government-to-Government (G2G)
Government-to-Employee (G2E).
Intra-governmental: Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness (IEE)
Transforming organizations: e-government leverages many different information technologies, not just the Internet.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

6. Four Phases of E-Government
Competition
Confidentiality/privacy
Fee for transaction
E-authentication
Transaction
Skill Set Changes
Self services
Portfolio mgmt.
sourcing
Increased Business Staff
Business Process Re-eng.
Relationship Mgmt
On-line Interfaces
Channel Management
Legacy Sys. links with
Security
Information access
Secure Com. Network
24 X 7 Infrastructure
Funding stream allocation
Agency identity
Big browser
Transformation
Job structures
Relocation/telecom. Org.
Performance accountability
Privacy reduces
Multiple-Program skills
Integrated services
Change value chain
New Business processes/Serv.
Change Relationship
(G2G, G2B, G2C, G2E)
New Applications
New Data Structures
New Standards
New Interfaces
Strategy/Policy
People
Process
Technology
Fee for info.
Public response
Interaction
Content mgmt
Increased support
staff
Governance
Knowledge mgmt.
Content mgmt.:
Metadata
Data synch.
Search
(S/R)
Approval level
Public domain
Presence
Existing
Staff
Streamline
processes
Web Site
On-line
Contents
Presence: establish a presence on the Web. This requires contents and maintenance. Since static Web sites get ignored, there must also stuff and procedures to introduce new material and keep the site fresh.
Interaction: documents and data files must be indexed. Public domain issues need to be addressed. The site needs a search engine.
Transaction: payments and privacy are the orders of the day. Interfaces with legacy systems become more important. At this point, a shared infrastructure becomes important.
Transformation: this escalates until the system must be transformed with new applications and practices.
Source: Gartner Research
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

7. E-Government Principles
Accessibility
Citizen Services
E-Business Processes
Partnerships with IT
Trust / Security
Trust: e-government will ensure the privacy and security of information and transactions while preserving the integrity of open government.
Accessibility: accessibility of e-government will be a priority so that all citizens can enjoy the benefits of this additional channel of service delivery.
Citizen focus: e-government will improve services to the public.
Practicality: e-government systems will be developed based on sound business reasons.
Partnerships: strategic partnerships will be encouraged and forged across city, government for all e-government initiatives.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

8. E-Gov driving forces (Cont.)
Sales of IT Hardware, Software, and Support services in the Arab Middle East
Million $
Internet access tariffs are going down (competitive market)
Growth in IT Industry and Increase in IT Expenditure
Source: Pyramid Research 2000
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

9. IT Spending as a Percent of Nominal GDP
Saudi IT spending is approximately 1.6%
2002 Global E-commerce spending > $1 Trillion¹
Source: GMV 1H01. ¹Source: Global Reach.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

10. E-Gov driving forces (Cont.)
Percent of people online by languages
300 million Arabic Speakers; only 5 million of them use the Internet.
According to Microsoft’s estimates, Hotmail has 2.3 million registered users in the Arab world.
300 million Arabic Speakers
Only 5 million of them use the Internet
GDP 678 ($B)
1.6% of world economy
Source: Global Reach
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

11. E-Government Planning
The reason for doing a Strategic Plan
Guideline for Management and IT department
individual short and long-term plans.
Serve as the principal working document for
management to meet the present and future
needs of government services.
The reason for doing a Strategic Plan
The concept of strategic E-government planning is defined as the process of establishing goals and objectives, and developing detailed plans to ensure that the strategies are implemented. Management and IT department can use the Strategic plan as a guideline for their individual short and long-term plans. It can serve as the principal working document for management to meet the present and future needs of government services.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

12. E-Government Planning (cont.)
Vision : e-community
Goals & Objectives
Prioritization
Policy
Consistency
Documentation
Rational decisions
E-Gov. Vision
The vision of E-government should not end with only government services, but includes community services. Adding more value to E-government services requires the inclusions of the schools, non-profit organization, service providers and agencies, special districts, and business community. E-government could really be termed e-community, and must from it’s inception, include collaborative public sector and private sector partnerships to attain real success and deliver true to the citizens.
Characteristics included in any the strategic plan:
-Overview : top-down view. Don’t use detailed tool (e.g. normalization for data analysis), is is very good tool in itself but completely inappropriate for top-down view needed in strategic planning.
-Consistency: consistent between the various stages of process, and any earlier strategy deliverables.
-Communication: one of the major reasons for using a standard approach is to facilitate communication between team members and the business community.
-Documentation: the hard deliverables of the process are reports and business and portfolio models.
-Rational decisions: these decisions should be made at logical and clearly defined checkpoints, which break the whole process up into easily comprehended units of work, and prevent wasting time on unwanted deliverables.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

13. E-Government Planning (cont.)
Goals & objectives:
Changes dept. culture.
Responsibilities & Accountability.
Supporting IT.
Timetable.
Successful accomplishment of the plan’s strategic goals and objectives will require:
- major changes in department’s culture
- how people carry out their responsibilities
-the supporting IT infrastructure and systems
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

14. E-Government Planning (cont.)
Policy:
Privacy (content & access)
Secure services.
Access to services.
Managing & coordinating projects.
E-Government Policy, Example:
-Privacy of On-line Government
-Providing Secure E-Government Services
-Citizen Access to Government Service Providing Agency
-Managing and Coordinating E-Government Projects
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

15. E-Government Planning (cont.)
Management Strategies
Align investments, projects with plan.
Follow project directions.
Outsourcing wherever it makes sense.
Management Strategies
-rigorous capital planning to align investments and project with this plan;
-careful yet rapid studies to set project direction;
-Application of risk management principles to address security requirements;
-Liberal use of outsourcing whenever it makes sense to do so to take advantage of the expertise of the private sector.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

16. E-Government Planning (cont.)
Technical strategies
Exploit www & Internet.
Scalable infrastructure.
Easy to use hardware & software.
Standardize.
Technical project management (follow
standards)
QA, CM, (IV&V) independent verification and
validation.
Technical strategies
-a focus on exploiting the worldwide web and the Internet;
-broad and scalable connectivity, along with an easy-to-use front-end for user access through a standard browser;
-use of standard to ensure scalability and flexibility;
-enhanced technical project management and oversight, ensurering conformance with IT architecture and standards;
-Rigorous quality assurance and configuration management (CM), independent verification and validation (IV&V);
-Pilot-testing of solutions in live post environments.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

17. KSA in E-Readiness Ranking
eBusiness leaders
These countries already have most of the elements of eReadiness in place, though there are still some concerns about regulatory safeguards.
eBusiness contenders
These countries have both a satisfactory infrastructure and a good business environment but parts of the eBusiness equation are still lacking.
eBusiness followers
These countries from the largest group and have begun to create an environment conducive to eBusiness, but have a great deal of work to do.
eBusiness laggards
These countries risk being left behind, and face major obstacles to eBusiness growth, primarily in the area of connectivity.
Ranking is based on country’s score out of 10
Source: The Economist Intelligent Unit, 2001
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

18. Barriers & Failure Factors
IT is complicated, PC’s to employees
Organizational and political problems rather than technical
No Internet for most of the community
Potential shortage in the IT workforce and strong technical skills workforce.
In US, The barriers identified concerned culture, architecture, trust, resources and stakeholder resistance.
Identify the barriers will lead to mitigated for success in Saudi Arabia E-Gov. efforts.
Most of the community hasn't access to the Internet.
Potential shortage in the IT workforce and strong technical skills workforce
Need for skills training for staff
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

19. Barriers & Failure Factors (cont.)
Infrastructure is one of the major factors that affect IT and its growth
Needing to ensure adequate security and privacy
Culture is not automatic: You must communicate, you have to train for it, and you have to experience it.
Culture resistance is the greatest obstacle to integrated online public services.
Resistance of organizations to change
complex procedures and human fears make change efforts difficult
E-Gov., like E-business, is about fundamental change….
To succeed will require an effective governance structure to overcome the barriers and implement the changes necessary. This includes substantial, long-term commitment by senior management.
Weak infrastructure
Source: KACST
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

20. Barriers & Failure Factors (cont.)
Security
Cultural resistance
Commitment by senior management
Resistance of organizations to change
25% resist change in Europe and North America ¹
Here ???
Infrastructure is one of the major factors that affect IT and its growth
Needing to ensure adequate security and privacy
Culture is not automatic: You must communicate, you have to train for it, and you have to experience it.
Culture resistance is the greatest obstacle to integrated online public services.
Resistance of organizations to change
complex procedures and human fears make change efforts difficult
E-Gov., like E-business, is about fundamental change….
To succeed will require an effective governance structure to overcome the barriers and implement the changes necessary. This includes substantial, long-term commitment by senior management. ¹
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

21. Barriers & Failure Factors (cont.)
By 2005, over 80% of E-Gov. strategic plans not integrated with a digital society will fail. ¹
85% of government IT projects fail because:
Governments manage projects poorly.
IT venders overpromise during bidding.
Providing support for internal and external customers to access online services/information.
Providing clear direction in budget.
¹ Gartner research 2000
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

22. Success Factors Effective management.
Leadership, commitment and involvement of concerned organizations.
Awareness, capability, and motivation.
Change management strategy for involvement and acceptance by beneficiaries of the plan.
An effective management and control system for E-Gov. programs.
Necessary infrastructure and human resources for implementation.
Crucial to the success of the Strategic plan is its effective management.
In most countries the steering & implementation bodies report is report to the highest authority of their country.
A high level IT management body with necessary executive authority.
The role of this body will include:
planning, promotion, execution, regulation, and overseeing.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

23. Success Factors(cont.)
Focus on all employees and team work.
Arabic support for wider acceptance and use of the Internet resources.
An enabling and comprehensive legal environment for E-Gov.
Encouragement by government for adoption of E-Gov. by providing some incentives to all concerned (bonuses)
Clearly identify the plan goals with time table.
Plan well, start small, but implement rapidly to keep up the momentum.
List of other Success Factors:
i. Government program leadership must be skilled in communication with political leaders and other decision-makers, negotiation with external services provides, and strong project management abilities to lead multiple pilot initiatives. The program leadership must also get involved in developing rules and regulations and communications with constituents.
ii. Communicate benefits of e-government internally and externally, establish performance goals and expectations for early initiatives, and network with other agencies and governments to share strategies and results.
iii. Learn lessons from early E-Government implementations results (UK, Singapore…).
Each successful e-gov. projects shares - Emerging from the various e-government strategies and action lines are five underlying principles- :
- Put everything (information & services) online and do everything online.
Ensure easy and universal access to online information and services.
Skill government employees to be knowledge worker.
Work in partnership to make it happen.
Remove barriers and lead by example .. Government should lead by example by conducting its own business online, including e-procurement and the acceptance of electronic filing and electronic payments.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

24. Recommendations Before planning, look at other IT plans.
Emphasis IT training.
National eGov. Plan.
Individual plan for Ministries.
Coordination with related Ministries.
Action programs for common issues.
National level security policy.
Several nations through their plans are executing steps towards education and training their national human resources in all areas of IT. Ex: The Swedish program and experience in:
a. Retraining government employee.
b. Although unemployed work force.
( tec/cait/ conference/ media/ carinacrosioe.ppt)
Updating the current educational and training systems in IT departments and university curricula.
Organize seminars, training workshops and symposia on e-government.
Advices
·Use piloting strategies and experiment with new funding/sourcing models.
·IT professionals must get involved in making policy.
·Solid program management with clear, measurable objectives along all (constituency service, operational proficiency and political return) is a key.
·Map assessment, policy, and measurement against constituency service, operational proficiency and political return.
·Set consistent metrics and goals.
-Investigate/establish a public/private partnership(s) for e-government implementation: The experience of many who have so far embarked on the e-gov journey show that a private-sector partner can help their organization be more flexible & innovative, areas where the public sectors is traditionally weak.
 It’s better to be clear about the expectations of both partners and have mutually derived, understandable, and realistic goals.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

25. Recommendations (cont.)
Establish e-government unit/consultant in
all major government organizations.
IT infrastructure
Dept. LAN
PC per person
Framework of Informatization Plan of the Government
Basic Plan (decision of the cabinet)
Major Issues of the Basic Plan
-Advanced/ improved information activities & office work:
1-electronic document
2-everyone/everywhere computing on PC per person, LAN in ministries.
-Infrastructure for information exchange among the ministries through electronic media
-Utilization of information resources
1-DB network among the ministries
2-DBs common to the ministries
-Advanced public services
1-providing information on electronic media
2-electronic procedures/ services such as disclosure, counter services, consultation
3-electronic application/ reporting
4-convenient public services
Action Programs for Common Issues (approved y the Inter-ministerial Meeting)
Individual Plans of the Ministries (decided in each ministry)
The government should encourage and support its departments
The government should encourage and support its departments to make use of Internet in their everyday work. Such a use could be from one employee to another or from department to another. Government must enable and set targets for its employees to using Internet. Those who make more usage should be rewarded so that others will also follow suit.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC

26. Recommendations (cont.)
Improve information access
Electronic communication.
Electronic documents.
Electronic application / reporting.
Electronic procedures / services.
Electronic public services.
Start with deliverable phases.
Mix IT with other departments.
Framework of Informatization Plan of the Government
Basic Plan (decision of the cabinet)
Major Issues of the Basic Plan
-Advanced/ improved information activities & office work:
1-electronic document
2-everyone/everywhere computing on PC per person, LAN in ministries.
-Infrastructure for information exchange among the ministries through electronic media
-Utilization of information resources
1-DB network among the ministries
2-DBs common to the ministries
-Advanced public services
1-providing information on electronic media
2-electronic procedures/ services such as disclosure, counter services, consultation
3-electronic application/ reporting
4-convenient public services
Action Programs for Common Issues (approved y the Inter-ministerial Meeting)
Individual Plans of the Ministries (decided in each ministry)
The government should encourage and support its departments
The government should encourage and support its departments to make use of Internet in their everyday work. Such a use could be from one employee to another or from department to another. Government must enable and set targets for its employees to using Internet. Those who make more usage should be rewarded so that others will also follow suit.
Dr. Khalid Al-Tawil, NIC