1. Transformation of Colonial Society from 1760-1791

2. I. Population and Society
Composition of the Population After the Conquest
Population is mostly Francophone and Catholic for 30 years after the Conquest
Few people of British origin
Few thousand Native people
Over a thousand black people, mostly slaves

3. Changing Canadien Population
Natural increase remains high among the Canadiens – main growth factor
Emergence of professional Bourgeoisie:
Doctors, lawyers, notaries, different types of merchants
Start learning English in order to get involved in trade
Increased political role – joined the British merchants in demanding a legislative assembly

4. More Acadians came to settle in Quebec - 8000
British Immigration
Composed of merchants, soldiers and civil servants
Low immigration levels until the American Revolution - loyalists
Acadians
More Acadians came to settle in Quebec

5. Composition of the colonial population in 1791
Population is almost identical to the early days of the Conquest
Arrival of the Loyalists creates a small but significant minority

6. II. The Economy British economic policy also favours mercantilism
Main economic activities:
Fur trade
Agriculture
Fishing
Main exports - wheat & fur
British merchants take over the economy

7. Fur Trade Fur trade remained the main economic activity
British merchants replaced the French merchants
Most Canadiens worked as voyageurs
Two major companies were in competition: the Hudson’s Bay Company and the Northwest Company
Treaty of Paris resulted in the loss of the southern part of the Great Lakes - fur trade had to be redirected Northwest

8. Agriculture & Fisheries
Most Canadiens were farmers
Main crop produced & exported to Britain- wheat
British businesses took over fishing and exported fish to Europe, Caribbean and South America

9. III. Religion
After the Conquest, the Catholic Church & the Anglican Church had to coexist
Catholic Church faced difficulties but continued its social role
Still ran hospitals and schools
Catholic Church allied itself with the British 
Anglican Church gradually established itself, and oversaw the education of young people